作　　者： ;

机构地区： 四川外国语大学

出　　处： 《外语研究》 2023年第1期1-7,16,112,共9页

摘　　要： 现代法语属于印欧语系中形态发达的罗曼语,学界对其兼类词现状至今缺乏清晰认识。本文基于双层词类范畴化理论,自建“《小罗贝尔法语词典》词类标注数据库”,对现代法语概括词的兼类情况进行调查。调查发现:(1)现代法语兼类词数量较大,共有3,990个,占词条总数的7.61%;(2)现代法语兼类词类型较多,共有36种,其中31种为首次发现;(3)现代法语概括词最多兼五类,但兼两类的数量最多;(4)兼类现象是人类语言的共性,现代法语中名形兼类词最为突出。研究表明,词是人类语言的量子,具有波粒二象性,概括词的兼类属于社群语言系统层面词类的叠加,之所以不少学者认为现代法语少有兼类词,根本原因在于受到牛顿思维的束缚,局限于从个体词角度观察现代法语的词类问题。 The status quo of multi-category lexemes is not well studied in Modern French, an Indo-European language(Romance) with rich morphology. From the perspective of the Two-Level Lexical Categorization Theory, this paper aims to conduct a survey of multi-category lexemes in Modern French through a DIY word-class labeling database of Le Petit Robert de la langue fran?aise(2016), one of the most authoritative dictionaries for native French speakers.It is found that:(1) there are as many as 3,990 multi-category lexemes in Modern French, amounting to 7.61% of all lexemes in the Dictionary;(2) there are 36 types of multi-category lexemes in Modern French, among which 31 are discovered for the first time;(3) lexemes in Modern French can belong to as many as five word-classes, whereas two-category lexemes are the majority;(4) multiple class membership or heterosemy is a common feature of human languages, in that lexemes belonging both to nouns and adjectives are the most prominent in Modern French. It is shown that since words are the quanta of human language, multiple class membership of lexemes indicates the superposition of word classes at the level of the communal language, and that the basic reason why many scholars believe that there are few multi-category lexemes in Modern French resides in the fact that they are subject to the influence of Newtonian thinking, limiting themselves to the parts of speech of word tokens.

关 键 词： 现代法语 兼类词 牛顿思维 量子思维

领　　域： [语言文字—语言学]