作　　者： ;

机构地区： 西北师范大学

出　　处： 《圣经文学研究》 2018年第1期139-160,共22页

摘　　要： 本文分别从圣经社会科学批评方法产生的背景、主要任务,及其与其它圣经批评方法的关联三个方面展开论述。第一部分论述宏观社会学理论,如马克思的唯物史观、韦伯的理想类型、涂尔干的集体象征理论,对圣经社会科学批评方法兴起的重要影响。第二部分主要以哥特瓦尔德的《耶和华的众支派》一书为例,论述圣经社会科学批评方法的主要任务,包括:阐明圣经文献与古代社会的联系;从共时性和历时性角度研究古代以色列的社会组织;探明圣经中所表现出的社会生活模式,等。第三部分阐述圣经社会科学批评方法与女性主义批评、意识形态批评、正典批评之间的相互关联。该部分主要以圣经社会科学批评方法与女性主义批评方法关于'先知色情'问题的对话为例,表明圣经社会科学批评方法与其它批评方法之间的互动和关联能够打开文本的多个意义层面,包括经济、政治、阶级、种族、权力架构、意识形态等。这种强烈的入世精神,正是圣经社会科学批评方法富有生命力的根源所在。 This article comprises three parts, exploring the background to social-scientific biblical criticism; its major tasks,and its relationship with other approaches to biblical criticism. In the first section, the author explains the great influence that the macrosociological theories, such as Durkheim’s theory of Collective Representations, Max Weber’s Ideal-Typical theory and Karl Marx’s theory of Historical Cultural Materialism, have had on the rise of socialscientific criticism of the Bible. In the second part, the author explains the three tasks of social-scientific criticism of the Bible: first, to clarify the relationship between the biblical literature and ancient society;second, to study the social organizations of ancient Israel synchronically and diachronically; third, to identify patterns of social life within the Bible. Norman K. Gottwald’s book The Tribes of Yahweh is held up as a basis for discussion. The third section deals with the relationships between social-scientific criticism and other approaches to biblical criticism, such as feminist criticism, ideological criticism, or canon criticism. The dialogue between social-scientific criticism and feminist criticism over "Prophetical Pornography" is discussed to show how the interaction between social-scientific criticism and other approaches can elucidate the many-sided meanings of the text, including economic,political, and racial meanings as well as those regarding class, power structure, ideology, and so on. This intense spirit of interacting with the world is the very reason why social-scientific criticism of the Bible remains alive.

关 键 词： 圣经 社会科学批评方法 古代以色列社会 共时性 历时性

领　　域： [哲学宗教—宗教学]