作　　者： ;

机构地区： 堪萨斯大学

出　　处： 《当代语言学》 2001年第3期161-174,237,共14页

摘　　要： 在汉语的研究中,语言学家曾用不同的术语来表述汉语的“词”,如:“音节词”、“离合词”、“短语词”、“韵律词”等等。本文认为,“词”的形式并非由语言单一系统所产生。句法、词法、韵律,均能以其自身的规则系统创造“词”。因此,本文提出“音节词”、“词汇词”、“句法词”与“韵律词”的多维性研究。“音节词”是汉语词法系统中的基本构词要素:“词汇词(=复合词)”则是韵律构词系统的产物。复合词与离合词都必须首先是一个韵律词。韵律词是介于音节词与短语之间的“中级单位”,是韵律、词法、句法之间交互作用的枢纽。本文认为,以往所谓的“短语词”其实不过是“句法词”的一种。汉语里“词”的形式,既可以是词法的产物,也可以是句法的结果。从多维的角度研究词,不仅可以较为圆满地解释汉语中的“词、语”关系,而且其它看似风马不及,实则息息相关的现象也可因之而得到统一的解释。 Many Chinese linguists have used different terms for 'word', such as 'word-syllable'(Chao 1975), 'word-ionization'(Chao 1968), 'phrasal word' (Lu 1979), 'prosodic word' (Feng 1996) etc.. In this paper, I argue that 'words' are not formed only by a single system of the language. Instead, morphology, syntax, as well as prosody, can all create 'words' according to their own systems at different linguistic levels. This study investigates the multidimensional properties of wordhood in Chinese, including morphosyllabicity, lexical words, syntactic words and prosodic words. It is argued, first, that the morphosyllabicity in Chinese can be captured by ALIGN-L together with ALIGN-R, which determine the basic morphological unit in the language. Second, it is shown that a compound word and an ionized form must first be a prosodic word which is formed by a foot and constitutes an intermediate category between phrases and words. Furthermore, it is argued that the so-called phrasal words are in fact syntactic words, which are formed in syntax by a process of X0-adjunction, resulting in syntactic compounds. The theory presented here claims that wordhood in human languages cannot be determined by syntax, morphology, or prosody alone, but must be captured multidimensionally.

关 键 词： 汉语 词汇 韵律词 句法词 离合词

领　　域： [语言文字—汉语]