作　　者： (吴福祥）; ; (黄正德）;

机构地区： 中国社会科学院语言研究所

出　　处： 《中国语文》 2006年第5期387-400,共14页

摘　　要： 1)先秦汉语的"数词+单位词(+之)+名词"和"名词+数词+单位词"在句法、语义和话语功能上有显著差别:前者是描写性的,其中"数词+单位词"是名词的修饰成分;后者则是计量性的,其中"数词+单位词"是句子(或小句)的述谓成分。2)西汉前后,"数词+单位词(+之)+名词"中属格标记"之"的脱落诱发"数词+单位词+名词"获得实际计量的功能。3)汉代出现的"数词+个体量词+名词"格式,是仿照"数词+单位词+名词"格式类推而来。 (1) In the Pre-Qin Chinese,a measure word may have appeared either in 'numeral + measure word (+genitive markerzhi 之)+noun'(NMZN) or in'noun+numeral+measure word'(NNM).These two constructions,however,are different at syntactic as well as semantic/ discourse levels:the former is a descriptive construction in which'numeral+measure word' (NM) is syntactically a modifier of the noun;the latter is a quantified construction in which NM is syntactically a predicate of the clause.(2) Around the Western Han Dynasty,the genitive marker zhi in the construction NMZN began to drop,which consequently resulted in the reanalysis of the construction NMN,which gave it a quantified function.(3) In the Han dynasties,classifiers as a grammatical category had already come into being,and begun to assume the'measure word' position in NMN,which was formed from'numeral+classifier+noun'by analogy.

关 键 词： 数 量 名 结构 汉语历史语法

领　　域： [语言文字—汉语]