作　　者： ;

机构地区： 哈佛大学

出　　处： 《语言科学》 2004年第3期12-20,共9页

摘　　要： 现代汉语里“军马饲养方法”一类构词形式层出不穷,引起了人们的普遍关注。然而,无论从句法、语义或是重音上来说明该形式的组合原理,均难以解释为什么动宾结构如“饲养军马”必须倒置才能构成合法的名词(饲养军马方法),而同属动宾的“养马”,如果倒置则必不合法(马养法)。本文认为:其中的奥秘就在韵律,但不是词的重音,而是音步实现的方向,是音步组向“左起构词”、“右起为语”以及“无向音步”之间交互作用的结果。文章最后指出:汉语韵律构词的根本是音步而不是重音。 In modern Chinese, compound words like 'Junma siyang fangfa '(war-horse breed- ing method) are very productive. However, it is difficult to explain, in terms of syntax, semantics and stress, why polysyllabic VO phrases like 'siyang junma ' (breeding war-horse) must be inverted while the disyllabic ones do not when they are used to form compounds. This paper argues that the reason for disyllabic VO and polysyllabic OV alternations in compounding is prosody; yet, it is not the prosody of stress, rather the prosody of footing direction. It is shown that the OV and VO orders in compounding are licensed by interactions among left footing (for words), right footing (for phrases) and default footing (for both). It is finally argued that the essential property of prosodic morphology in Chinese is foot formation, not word stress.

关 键 词： 汉语 韵律构词法 动宾倒置 重音 音步

领　　域： [语言文字—汉语]