作　　者： ;

机构地区： 湖南师范大学教育科学学院

出　　处： 《比较教育研究》 2021年第5期29-35,共7页

摘　　要： 美国研究型大学之母约翰·霍普金斯大学,进行了艰难的学术商业化抉择,历经远离、延缓、参与三个阶段。建校初期,基于对纯粹学术使命的坚守,其长期远离商业市场;19世纪末至20世纪70年代,多因素的叠加强化了其纯粹研究偏好,学术商业化历程延缓;在《拜杜法》的引导及生物科技革新的刺激等因素的作用下,20世纪80年代,约翰·霍普金斯大学才主动参与商业市场,并凭借学术优势跃升为极具创业型大学。诚然,以学术为业是大学永恒不变的使命,而学术商业化是大学不可回避的时代使命。 As the Pioneer of American Research universities,Johns Hopkins University experienced a difficult academic commercialization decision making.There are three stages in the academia commercialization of the Johns Hopkins University:In its early days,based on the commitment to a purely academic mission,it was away from the commercial market for a long time;From the late 19th century to the late 1970s,a combination of factors strengthened the pure research preferences of Johns Hopkins University and delaying its academic research commercialization;In the 1980s,under the guidance of the Bayh-Dole Act and the stimulation of biotechnology innovation,Johns Hopkins University took the initiative to participate in the commercial academic research,relying on its academic advantages,to become one of America’s most entrepreneurial universities.To be sure,academic mission is university’s eternal duty,but the academic commercialization is the inevitable mission of the university in contemporary time.

关 键 词： 约翰 霍普金斯大学 研究型大学 大学使命 学术商业化

领　　域： [文化科学—高等教育学] [文化科学—教育学]