作　　者： ;

机构地区： 湖南师范大学教育科学学院

出　　处： 《现代教育论丛》 2019年第3期55-63,共9页

摘　　要： 当前,美国大学科研力量已经成为国家创造力的引擎,傲视全球,在此过程中联邦政府发挥着不容忽视的作用。第二次世界大战以来,大学科研之于国家的重要性不断嬗变,联邦政府对美国研究型大学资助的力度与作用亦不断嬗变。联邦政府对大学科研资助的态度历经几次重大转变,从19世纪下半叶至二战前大学科研资助的"边缘者",到二战爆发后大学科研资助新角色的凸显,再到卫星危机时大学科研资助的"核心"角色,最后到20世纪70年代以来波动下的"核心"角色,联邦政府不断提升对于学术科研之资助,铸就了卓越的美国大学科研。 In the 20th century, American higher education ranked top in the world, and American university research was the symbol of "American creation", leading the global academic field. The federal government plays an important role in the development of scientific excellence in American universities.Since the Second World War, the importance of university research to the country has changed constantly,and the strength and function of federal funding to American research universities have also changed constantly. The federal government’s attitude to university funding has undergone several major changes,from the "edge"of university research funding(the second half of the 19th century-before the Second World War),the salience of a new role in university research funding(after the outbreak of World War II),the "core"of university research funding(Soviet satellite crisis), and then to a fluctuation"Core"(since the 1970s). Increasing federal funding for academic research has resulted in excellence in scientific research at American universities.

关 键 词： 美国大学 联邦政府 科研资助 角色嬗变 反思

领　　域： [文化科学—教育学] [文化科学—教育技术学]