作　　者： (胡羚）; ;

机构地区： 广东省技术经济研究发展中心

出　　处： 《科技创新发展战略研究》 2021年第3期54-63,共10页

摘　　要： 美国历来重视科技创新,但特朗普和奥巴马两届政府在科技创新方面的施政风格截然不同。在宏观科技战略、政府科技部门设置、科研投入主张、激励创新的税收政策和创新人才政策等方面对特朗普和奥巴马两届政府的主要做法进行分析,发现奥巴马政府重视政府在科技创新中的作用,注重宏观科技战略引领和创新资源统筹布局;而特朗普政府则主张弱化政府对科技创新的干预,侧重于简政放权、强调私营部门在创新中的作用;同时,两届政府具有重视基础研究、STEM教育、降低企业税负成本、重视制造业发展等共同点。借鉴美国两届政府经验,对我国科技创新政策提出加大基础研究投入、培育发展高端制造业、促进企业加大研发投入、重视理工科和职业技术教育等建议。 The United States has attached great importance to scientific and technological innovation,but the scientific and technological innovation policy styles of the Trump and Obama administrations are very different.This paper makes a comparative analysis of the main viewes and approaches between the Trump and Obama administrations from the aspects of macro science and technology strategy,the government􀆳s science and technology department setting,financial R&D investment,tax policies that stimulate innovation and innovative talent policy.The paper finds that the Obama administration attaches great importance to the role of the government in scientific and technological innovation,and to the leadership of macro science and technology strategy and the overall distribution of innovative resources,while the Trump administration advocates weakening government intervention in science,technology and innovation,focusing on decentralization and emphasizing the role of the private sector in innovation,but at the same time,the two governments have the common ground of paying attention to basic research,STEM education,reducing the cost of corporate tax burden and attaching importance to the development of manufacturing industry.Drawing on the experience of the two U.S.administrations,the paper puts forward some suggestions on China􀆳s scientific and technological innovation policy,such as increasing investment in basic research,cultivating and developing high-end manufacturing industry,promoting enterprises to increase investment in research and development and paying attention to science,engineering,vocational and technical education.

关 键 词： 特朗普政府 奥巴马政府 科技创新政策

领　　域： []