作　　者： ;

机构地区： 暨南大学华文学院

出　　处： 《暨南学报（哲学社会科学版）》 2013年第6期126-134,163-164,共9页

摘　　要： 指称是一种言语行为,以26则汉语相声和小品为例,从指称策略的角度分析了汉语幽默效果的致成因素。结果发现,利用种种特异指称手段,是致成汉语幽默效果的有效策略。在指人方面又可细分为自称、对称和他称三大类,每一大类都包括一些具体的特异指称策略;在指物方面,常用4种具体指称策略:(1)用非常用普通名词指称事物;(2)指别语、普通名词的引申、双关用法;(3)转指名词的"返祖"用法;(4)用名词或确定性描述语作隐藏式指称。这些指称策略有一个总的倾向就是特异,具体表现为非正常、非规约和怪异。用特异指称策略致成汉语幽默效果,符合前人关于幽默的"乖讹-消解"解释理论,但是同时也具有一些汉文化的特点。 Taking referring as a speech act,the current study purports to examine the creation of humorous effects from the perspective of referring strategies(rather than referring expressions or deictics).Through an analysis of 26 Chinese cross-talks and mini-plays it was found that an effective strategy for creating humor is peculiar referring,which includes person-reference and thing-reference.Person-reference can be further divided into speaker-reference,hearer-reference and other-reference,with their respective subcategories.Thing-reference subsumes 1) referring to things with common nouns,2) elaborative and punning uses of deictics and common nouns,3) reversed use of verbal nominalization and,4) implicit referring with nouns or definite expressions.Of such referring strategies,one common characteristic is their unconventionality and deviation.While the findings of the current study lend support to the Incongruity-Resolution Theory,peculiar referring bears some features of the Chinese culture.

关 键 词： 指称 幽默 相声 语用策略

领　　域： [语言文字—语言学]