作 者：
;
机构地区：
广东工业大学外国语学院
出 处：
《外国语》
2023年第2期68-78,共11页
摘 要：
本文考察祈使句中“了”的句法语义表现,勾勒“了”的句法层级图谱。以往研究将“了”分为动向补语“了_(0)”、完整体标记“了_(1)”和句末体貌词“了_(2)”。本研究发现进入祈使句的句尾“了”不定义时间关系,可以省略、不能嵌套、不能与其他句末语气词共现、表示说话人的强调语气,是句末语气词(了_(3)),而非句末体貌词(了_(2))。“了”构成了句末语气词(了_(3))、句末体貌词(了_(2))、完整体标记(了_(1))和动相补语(了_(0))(SaP (le_(3))
This article investigates the occurrence of le in imperatives and attempts to outline the syntactical hierarchy of le.Previous research indicates that le in Chinese(the verbal-le and the sentential le) can be construed as the phasal complement(-le_(0)), the perfective marker(-le_(1)) and the sentence final aspect particle(le_(2)).However, in this study it is found that the sentential le in imperatives behaves different from the sentence final aspect particle(le_(2)) in that it does not express temporal relations of inchoativity or perfectness.On the other hand, it behaves the way the typical sentence final particle does in that it can be deleted, but it cannot be embedded, or co-occur with other sentence final particles or expresses the speaker’s attitude of emphasis.Conclusively, le in Chinese consists of a four-layered hierarchy: SaP(le_(3))LowC(le_(2))(TP)AspPouter(-le_(1))(vP)AspPinner(-le_(0)),where-le1and le2are not allowed in imperatives as the temporal relations they define run against that of imperatives.-Le0and le3can co-occur in imperatives but are phonetically reduced and realized as one le by the operation of haplology.
关 键 词：
祈使句
了
的句法层级
动相补语
了
句末语气词
了
领 域：
[语言文字—语言学]
