作　　者： ;

机构地区： 深圳市社会科学院

出　　处： 《深圳大学学报（人文社会科学版）》 2016年第3期143-147,共5页

摘　　要： 甲骨文"史"字中的"丨"形代表的利刃不是兵器而是刻骨工具,是殷商时代占卜活动中的记录者:卜卦问天,史刻于龟。但"史"有六种职能,捉刀刻龟的更具体地说是史官中的"尹"。"尹"是将卜人占卜的结果刻到骨头或龟板上的直接操刀者。"尹"是诸"史"中地位最高的,因此后来蜕变成为职权更高的官职。如果说殷商王室对占卜内容的记录是古代史学不自觉的开始,那么西周王室对"史"的重视则基本奠定了古代史学的开端。从商至西周,"史"不但更职业化也更自觉化完成从职务到史学意识的转变,开启了官史传统。东周时期各国的史书,更是直接影响到后来的思想、文化确立的方式和内容。 The sharp blade represented by ＂ 丨 ＂in the character ＂史＂ on the inscriptions on the tortoise shells or bones is not a weapon but an engraving tool, an recorder of the divination in Ying and Shang period： asking the Heaven by divination, and oracles were engraved on tortoise shells by historians. But ＂史（historian）＂ has six functions. To be more specific, those who engraved the oracles on bones or tortoise shells were historians called ＂尹 （yin）＂. They were the historians of the highest position, and thus later turned into high-ranking officials. The royal family in Ying and Shang period might have begun to record divination unconsciously, whereas the royal family of the Western Zhou Dynasty attached great importance to ＂史 （recording history）＂, which could be the beginning of the ancient？historiography. From Shang Dynasty to the Western Zhou Dynasty, ＂historians＂ became increasingly professional and conscious. They transformed from historians of high position to historians of historiography consciousness, which began the tradition of official historiography. During the Eastern Zhou period, the historical books of all the states had direct influence on the establishment and content of later ideology and culture.

关 键 词： 卜 史 巫 史学起源

领　　域： [历史地理—历史学] [历史地理—中国史]