作　　者： ;

机构地区： 中国社会科学院社会学研究所

出　　处： 《华中科技大学学报（社会科学版）》 2018年第3期46-54,共9页

摘　　要： 在中国社会,人情支出是大部分城镇居民日常消费开支中非常重要的组成部分,它已成为衡量中国居民社会网络关系、社会地位、社会互动乃至经济交易等社会事实的重要指标。不过,随着社会生活水平的提升,诸多研究发现人情支出的数额逐年增长,成为家庭负担,不利于社会的良性运行。围绕"人情支出负担"假说,本研究通过使用五期重复横截面调查数据,分析人情支出在过去十年的变化趋势,结论表明,人情支出逐年增长,呈现"棘轮效应",其在家庭总收入中的占比增长明显,家庭人情年支出的增长速度相对快于家庭总收入增长速度;人情支出与主观幸福感、生活满意度之间存在正相关关系,但有部分受访者认为人情支出已成家庭负担并呈现较低的主观幸福感和生活满意度。人情支出存在显著的城乡二元差异,与城镇户籍或居住在城镇地区的居民相比,农村户籍或居住在农村地区/社区的居民具有更低金额的人情支出,但却有更高比例的人情——总支出占比。随时间发展,人情支出成为家庭负担的可能性在减弱,同时它还受到人情——总支出、家庭总收入、居住社区类型、主观社会经济地位、家庭规模、年龄、性别、是否为党员等多因素的共同影响。 In China,gift spending accounts for an unneglectible portion of most urban residents＇ expenditure. Gift spending has become an important indicator of the social facts such as social network relations,social status,social interaction and economic transactions of Chinese residents. However,with the improvement of living standard in China,many studies have found that the amount of gift spending has increased year by year and become a burden on the family,which is not beneficial to a healthy society development. To clarify and to enrich our understanding of the hypothesis that ＂gift spending has become an expenditure burden to families＂,this study analyzes the change trend of gift spending in the past decade by using five repeated nationwide survey data. It is found that：（ 1） Gift spending has been increasing year by year,showing ＂ratcheting effect＂. The ratio of gift spending in family total income has also been increasing significantly,which implies that gift spending increases at a higher speed than that of family total income.（ 2） On average,higher gift spending is associated with higher subjective well-being and satisfaction of life. But there are respondents who believe that gift spending has become a family burden and show a lower subjective well-being and life satisfaction.（ 3） There is a significant difference on gift spending between urban and rural residents. Households with rural household registration or living in rural areas/communities have a lower amount of gift spending than urban residents or households residing in urban areas,but have a higher proportion of gift spending over total expenditure;（ 4） The possibility of gift spending becoming a family burden has been weakening along the time. It is also evidenced that gift spending is affected by many factors such as total family expenditure,total household income,whether being located in a rural community,subjective socioeconomic status judgment,family size,age,gender,Chinese Communist Party membership etc.

关 键 词： 人情支出 家庭负担 棘轮效应

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