作　　者： ;

机构地区： 广州大学旅游学院

出　　处： 《人文地理》 2010年第1期118-122,共5页

摘　　要： 美国国家家公园管理水平世界领先,运用归纳、描述方法介绍了休闲土地管理中的三个模型:休闲机会图谱(ROS)、可接受改变极限(LAC)、游客体验与资源保护(VWRP)的应用理念、设置要素、标准及管理过程,提出游客休闲体验与资源保护之间的矛盾可以通过"管理设置"而得到统一和实现,并指出公益性理念、模型的科学运用及多方参与的管理机制是美国国家公园成功的关键所在。 The National Park system in U.S. has developed for over one hundred and thirty years. It is well known that the development of NPS in the U.S. has been leading the world. In 2007, President George W. Bush stated ＂One goal of our country is to set parks, preserve them and make them closely related to people＇s life.＂ The U.S faces the dilemma of protecting natural resources while continuing to develop tourism in order to satisfy growing public demand for recreational activities. At the beginning of 20th century, when the U.S was changeing from agricultural-based economy to industrial one, the public demand for recreational activities kept growing, meanwhile the NIPS strives to achieve the dual-aim of protecting the integrity of resources. This paper introduces three conceptual frameworks which constitute the process of recreation land man- agement in U.S National Parks today. Firstly, ROS identifies three management-setting factors： social, biophysical and managerial. Based on these factors and standards, an ROS continuum can be segmented into six areas （Primitive, Semi-primitive non-motors, Semi-primitive motors, Roaded natural, Rural and Urban）. Furthermore, the paper describes specific activities and standards in each area that should be followed during the settings. Secondly, from the theory of LAC, the paper lists monitor indicators and standards and ineviitable change. Furthermore explains the change in each area is inevitable and the key point is to monitor and keep it under the limited Accepted Change. It depends on both the advanced technologies such as GIS and careful environment surveillance. Finally, the paper focuses on the implementation of VERP and explains its process. At the end, the paper concludes that leading management of the NPS in the U.S is dependant on common benefits, advanced management models and public involvement and support. Also the author argues during the western development, it is very important for China to learn from the NPS in the U.S. to promote development whi

关 键 词： 国家公园 休闲土地 管理模型 美国

领　　域： [历史地理—人文地理学]