作　　者： ;

机构地区： 华南理工大学体育学院

出　　处： 《体育科技文献通报》 2022年第3期22-27,共6页

摘　　要： 冬青奥会是青少年冰雪运动中最大型的赛事,从第1-3届的比赛中能了解世界青少年冰雪竞技格局。本文通过帕累托分析法等研究方法,对冬青奥会的奖牌榜和奖牌归属地区的进行分析,探究2012-2020年冬青奥会的竞技格局在时间和空间的变化动态。得出结论:欧洲是现代冰雪运动的发源地,依靠庞大的群众基础和得天独厚的地理环境,竞技实力和夺得奖牌的国家数量都远超其他洲,在部分项目更是出现欧洲国家“垄断”奖牌的现象。美洲的奖牌大部分由北美洲的美国和加拿大夺得,主要在表现难美类的单板滑雪和自由式滑雪、同场对抗类有突出表现。亚洲的大部分的奖牌由中国、日本、韩国夺得,得分点较多,呈现“多点开花”的现象,其中在花样滑冰和短道速滑表现出较强的竞技实力,其次是表现难美类项目。大洋洲夺得奖牌的国家数量和得分点较少,奖牌集中在单板滑雪、自由式滑雪和冰球3个项目。非洲受地理环境和经济条件制约,开展冬季项目的训练较为困难,仅有摩洛哥在高山滑雪中夺得唯一的一枚奖牌。中国在冬青奥会的优势项目是短道速滑和速度滑冰,得分点较少,在3届比赛中得分呈现下降趋势。在后备人才培养方面仍要借鉴强国的经验。 Winter Youth Olympic Games is the largest youth ice and snow sports event,and the results of the 1 st to 3 rd Games can show the world youth ice and snow sports pattern to some extent.In this paper,the Pareto analysis and other research methods are used to analyze the medal table and medal belonging regions of the Winter Youth Olympic Games,and explore the dynamic changes of the competitive pattern of the 2012 to 2020 Winter Youth Olympic Games in time and space.It is concluded that Europe is the birthplace of modern ice and snow sports.With a solid mass base and advantaged geographical environment,the competitive strength and the number of countries winning medals are far more than those of other continents.In some events,European countries even“monopolize”the medals.Most of the medals in America were won by the United States and Canada in North America,mainly in the snowboarding and freestyle skiing.Most of the Asian medals were won by China,Japan and South Korea,showing the phenomenon of medaling in multiple events,among which figure skating and short track speed skating showed strong competitive strength,followed by the performance of difficult events.Oceania won fewer medals and scored fewer points,with medals concentrated in snowboarding,freestyle skiing and ice hockey.Africa is restricted by geographical environment and economic conditions,it is difficult to carry out the training of winter events,only Morocco won the only medal in alpine skiing.China’s dominant sports at the Olympics are short track speed skating and speed skating,where it has scored fewer points and has shown a downward trend in recent three Games.We still need to draw lessons from the experience of powerful sports countries in the training of reserve talents.

关 键 词： 冬青奥会 竞技格局 冰雪运动

领　　域： [文化科学—体育学]