作　　者： ;

机构地区： 中央民族大学

出　　处： 《民族学刊》 2020年第5期66-73,146,147,共10页

摘　　要： 灾难移民的重建与社会适应不仅关系到社会发展的公平正义,而且还影响着地区的稳定和繁荣,特别是对于有多种跨境关系网络的边境族群。本文基于多年对中尼边境夏尔巴人的调查研究,论述了夏尔巴人灾后移居生活中的社会心态和社会记忆,以及在就业、宗教仪式与丧葬方式等方面与移居社会所存在的张力、矛盾和困境。提出地方政府不仅应注重灾民经济层面的安置与救助,更应加大灾民的人文关怀,深入了解移民的文化传统,有针对性和实效性地逐步引导移民适应灾后生活。 Relocation and post-disaster reconstruction are a long and complex process.The Sherpas are border residents whose cultural traditions,life s logic,concepts and customs are the core elements that affect their lives as post-disaster migrants.Based on years of investigating and researching the Sherpa,this article discusses the post-disaster adaptation process and status of this group.The government has invested a huge amount of manpower and material resources to improve the living environment,and expand employment channels for the victims.However,overall,the Sherpas have not yet fully adapted to their life in relocation.In terms of their daily life,employment,religious ceremonies,and funeral ways and so on,there are various degrees of tension,contradictions and dilemmas in their newly resettled environment.The Sherpas concerned in this study have lived for generations in Zhangmu port,Nyalam County,Tibet,at the China-Nepal border between in the southern foothills of the Himalayas,and they have long survived on border trade.After having been affected by the April 25,2015 earthquake in Nepal,the Tibet Autonomous Region government resettled Zhangmu Town residents in Shigatse;this was done after considering Zhangmu Town s steep terrain,frequent earthquakes,and poor road conditions.Although the death toll and property losses in the town were relatively small,the people still experienced a lot of psychological trauma after the unexpected mishap and changes.“In the process of continuity,flow and transmission of memory,part of memory will be unconsciously inherited through physical practice and social continuation.”(Ma,2017)Poor adaptability of food had a certain impact on the Sherpa s health,and psychological trauma,and a physical discomfort of the environment also caused the emergence of many diseases.In the early days of their relocation,the Sherpas continued the experiences of their former border environment with regard to diet,daily life and medical treatment.In the process of post-disaster resettlement,the governme

关 键 词： 灾难移民 心态 记忆 适应现状 夏尔巴人

领　　域： [社会学—民族学]