导　　师： 唐鸣

学科专业： 030103

授予学位： 博士

作　　者： ;

机构地区： 华中师范大学

摘　　要： 中国是一个农民大国,13亿人口中70/%以上的是农民；中国是一个农业大国,农业生产与国家安全密切相关。这决定了中国社会的发展走向。免除农业税,统筹城乡发展,建设社会主义新农村都是历史上前所未有的举措,农村经济社会正处在急剧变革之中。在这历史进程中,古老传统的农业文明正在迅速消逝和变异,新兴的文明正在迅速发育和生长。当今世界,可以说没有什么比中国农村的变迁还迅速和复杂。与此相伴生,农村的传统权威与传统秩序也正在发生变迁,农村管理的模式也在静悄悄的发生变革,以村民自治为基本制度支撑的农村依法治理机制正在逐步建立和完善之中,在广袤的农村地区如何实现依法治理、如何为农村基层民主提供法律保障是本文要研究的主题。 作为基层民主的农村村民自治制度从萌生、试验到相对成熟已有近30年的历史,农村基层民主建设取得了举世瞩目的成就,基层民主进一步拓展也受到诸多体制性的约束,如何巩固民主成果,提升其法律保障的水平,是当前农村社会发展的重要议题。本文认为可以借用民主巩固理论来进行分析。上个世纪六七十年代以来民主巩固理论逐步兴起,成为国际政治学界分析发展中国家政治民主化浪潮的一个重要理论模型。民主巩固理论体系庞杂、内容繁复,但我们可以从宪政的结构、精英的行为和民众的态度三个方面来界定民主巩固：在宪政结构上,传统的非民主力量和现代民主体制中的当权者都不能超越民主的宪政规则；行为上,能够动员起来反民主的资源和精英消失或不再具有这种能力；态度上,民主程序和制度得到大多数人的认同,民主之外的其他替代方式不复存在。。 对我国农村基层民主及其法律保障的研究和评估,能否运用民主巩固的理论框架呢?我们认为,政治文明具有普适性,虽然� China is a country where the majority of the population are farmers who accounts for over 70/% of 1.3 billion people. China is also a large agricultural country where agricultural production is closely related to national security. This determines the development trend of our society. The exemption from agricultural tax, the coordinated development of urban and rural areas and the construction of a new socialist countryside are unprecedented moves in history. Rural economy and society are experiencing rapid reformation. In this historical process, the ancient and traditional agricultural civilization is fading and changing rapidly, while new and promising civilization is emerging and developing. We can say in today's world, there is in no country where the reformation is more rapid and complicated than in rural China. Meanwhile, the traditional authority and order are also changing; the administrative mode in rural areas is changing silently as well. The rural governance mechanism in accordance with the law based on villagers'self-government is establishing and perfecting step by step. This paper is to study how to implement according to law and how to provide legal protection for grass-roots democracy in the vast rural areas of China. As villagers'self-government system, the rural grass-roots democracy has a history of nearly 30 years, from the initiation, the trials to the relative maturity. Rural grass-roots democracy has made great achievements. However, the further development of grass-roots democracy will have to experience many institutional constraints. How to consolidate the democratic grains and to enhance its legal protection levels are important issues for social development in rural areas. This paper argues that democratic consolidation theory can be borrowed as a theory to analyze. Democratic consolidation theory is an important analytical framework when International Politics Circles analyze the political construction issues in developing countries since 1960s. Compared with early onset endogeno

关 键 词： 农村 基层民主 法律保障机制

领　　域： [政治法律—政治学]