作　　者： ;

机构地区： 中山大学政治与公共事务管理学院

出　　处： 《劳动经济研究》 2022年第5期55-86,共32页

摘　　要： 通过劳动力流动促进人力资本跨区优化配置,是实现经济高质量发展的重要途径。本文考察劳动力跨区流动如何影响企业的生产率,研究发现,劳动力流动有助于提升企业生产率,这一效应主要由高技能劳动力流动所驱动。具体来看,劳动力流动对企业生产率的促进作用主要是通过优化劳动力资源配置实现,表现为劳动力流动在提高净流入地区企业生产率的同时,并未降低净流出地的企业生产率,即流入地的效率增长并不以流出地的效率损失为代价。进一步研究发现,高技能劳动力流动主要通过提高净流入地区企业的人力资本水平和创新能力两个渠道提升企业生产率;当地区具有更高的第三产业占比、城市智能化水平和本地平均人力资本水平时,高技能劳动力流入对当地企业生产率的提升作用显著更强。本文的研究为理解经济增长动力的空间格局演变提供了一个新的重要视角,对于如何引导劳动力流动以实现中国的二次人口红利,具有一定的政策参考价值。 Optimal allocation of human capital across regions through labor mobility is an important way to achieve high-quality economic development in China.This paper examine how labor mobility across regions affects productivity of firms.It is found that labor mobility does improve productivity of firms,and this effect is particularly driven by the mobility of high-skilled labor.The contribution of labor mobility to productivity of firms is mainly achieved by optimizing the allocation of labor resources,which shows that labor mobility increases the productivity of firms in the net inflow region without reducing the productivity of firms in the net outflow region.The mobility of high-skilled labor enhances the productivity of firms in net-inflowing regions mainly through two channels:improving human capital level and innovation capability of firms in net-inflowing regions.The productivity enhancement effect of high-skilled labor mobility on productivity of firms is significantly stronger in regions with higher tertiary industry share,urban intelligence level and local average human capital level.The finding sets a new and important perspective for understanding the evolution of the spatial pattern of China’s economic growth dynamics,and it has certain policy implications on how to guide labor mobility to realize China’s secondary demographic dividend.

关 键 词： 劳动力流动 人力资本配置 企业生产率 高质量发展

领　　域： [经济管理—劳动经济] [经济管理—国民经济]