作　　者： ;

机构地区： 暨南大学经济学院

出　　处： 《中国工业经济》 2018年第8期78-96,共19页

摘　　要： 城区—开发区互动是中国区域经济发展的重要特征。现有的文献多关注这一互动发展模式中开发区的建立和发展对城区的影响。不同于这些文献,本文关注城区人口密度对开发区企业生产率的影响。在借鉴现有的空间均衡理论和地方化劳动力市场理论基础上,本文提出了城区人口密度影响开发区企业生产率的U型假说。运用2003—2007年国家级经济技术开发区的企业面板数据,本文的实证结果很好地证实了这一假说,即在人口密度小于8800人/平方公里时,城区与开发区发展呈现竞争关系,城区人口密度增加对开发区企业生产率产生负向影响;当人口密度大于8800人/平方公里时,城区与开发区呈现协同发展关系,城区人口密度增加对开发区企业生产率产生正向影响。进一步研究发现,厚的劳动力市场带来的企业与劳动力匹配和对新企业进入的影响,是城区人口密度影响开发区企业生产率的主要机制;城区与开发区的这种竞争或协同发展关系只存在于东部地区、劳动密集型行业以及就业人数小于100人的企业中;新企业进入开发区后需要花费3年的时间成本适应,才能获取城区的溢出效应。本文的结论表明,开发区与城区协同发展需要以一定的城区人口密度作为条件,这对于当前各地区推进城镇化和制定区域发展政策具有重要启示。 The interactive development of urban and development zone is an important feature of China’s regional economic development.Most of the existing literatures focus on one aspect of this interactive pattern how the establishment and development of development zones affect the growth of urban areas.Unlike these literatures,this paper focuses on how urban population density affects the firms’productivity of development zone.Based on theory of spatial equilibrium and local of labor market,we propose a hypothesis that the impact of urban population density on firms’productivity of development zones is U trend.Using firms’panel data of China National Economic and Technical development zone during 2003-2007,our empirical results confirm this hypothesis well.When urban population density is less than 8800 people per km2,there is competitive relationship between urban areas and development zone.Urban population density has a negative effect on the firms’productivity of development zone.When urban population density exceeds 8800 people per km2,the relationship between urban areas and development zone converts to cooperation,urban population density has a positive effect on the firm’s productivity of development zone.Further results show that better match between firm and labor,and attracts new entry brought by the thick labor market are the main mechanisms for urban population density affecting firms productivity in the development zone,the urban spillover effects only exist in the eastern region of China,labor-intensive industries and in firms with less than 100 employees.To obtain this spillover effect,a new firm need to spend 3 years to learn after it enters development zone.The conclusion of this paper shows that the coordination development between urban and development zone depends on urban population density.

关 键 词： 城市人口密度 厚劳动力市场效应 开发区 企业生产率

领　　域： [经济管理—国民经济]