作　　者： (万陆）; ;

机构地区： 广东省社会科学院

出　　处： 《南方经济》 2019年第12期1-14,共14页

摘　　要： 市场有效性取决于制度质量,但是一个欠发达国家不可能迅速建立起符合有效市场要求的高质量制度。为打破在发展中国家普遍存在的"低制度质量-增长停滞"的恶性循环,文章基于中国经验,提出了一个国家实施孵化市场的发展政策与制度建设同步并举的发展赶超路径,通过培育现代产业、扶植竞争性企业和优先发展公共事业尤其是基础设施,籍此扩充市场参与者数量、提升市场参与者能力、扩大市场边界和规模,加速市场发育,并由此反过来倒逼推动制度质量提升。进一步,我们指出,要正确制定和有效实施如此广泛的发展政策,需要来自国家力量的保障。在现有文献所提出的维持有效市场需要依靠国家财政能力和法治能力支撑之外,文章提出发展中国家还需要建设基于"对外学"和"干中学"的国家学习能力,用于在制定和实施发展政策中纠错纠偏,并补偿一国发展早期天然存在的国家财政能力和法治能力的欠缺。尽管文章分析主要结合中国经验展开,但针对的是发展中国家共性问题,对广大发展中国家具有普遍参考价值。 All scholars agree that market effectiveness depends on the quality of the system,but it is impossible for an underdeveloped country to immediately establish a high-quality system that meets the requirements of the effective market. In order to break the vicious circle of"low system quality growth stagnation"which is prevalent in developing countries,based on China’s experience,the paper puts forward a way of catching up by implementing the development policy of incubation market and system construction simultaneously. By cultivating modern industries,supporting competitive enterprises and giving priority to the development of public service sectors especially transportation infrastructure,the developing countires can expand the number and the ability of market participants,as well as an expansion of market boundaries and scale,so that to acceleration of market development,which will in turn forces the improvement of system quality. Furthermore,for correctly designing and effectively implementing a wide range of development policies,it need the support by national forces. In addition to the existing literature that the maintenance of an effective market depends on the support of national financial capacity and legal capacity,the paper proposes that developing countries also need strong national learning capacity based on"foreign learning"and"learning by doing",which is used to correct errors in the formulation and implementation of development policies,and alos have an compensation for the lack of financial capacity and legal capacity in the early stage of a country’s development. Although the analysis of this paper is mainly based on China’s experience,it aims at the common problems of developing countries and has universal reference value for the vast number of developing countries.

关 键 词： 有效市场 制度质量 发展政策 市场发育 市场孵化 国家能力

领　　域： [经济管理—产业经济]