作　　者： ;

机构地区： 华中科技大学

出　　处： 《山西师大学报（社会科学版）》 2021年第6期12-20,共9页

摘　　要： 哲学的对象,从否定的角度来说是非实证的东西,从肯定的角度来说是超越的东西。这种超越的东西不能成为实证知识的对象,如果变成了实证知识的对象,那么它就被实体化。这个东西超出了知识的范围,对于它,我们没有任何"概念",它是不能说的,但是这也不意味着它不存在。哲学作为形而上学所研究的就是广义上的本体。康德把本体和现象区分开来。从这个角度来说,本体如海德格尔所分析的那样属于现相。但是,现相不能像海德格尔所说的那样完全脱离现象而自身显现,它要借助于现象。但是如果我们拘泥于现象,那么我们也无法把握现相,所以把握本体既需要借助于现象而又超越现象。马克思对于拜物教的批判就是预设了本体。马克思通过现象领域的批判来展现本体。由于本体不是实证科学的对象,不能直接描述,所以在马克思那里没有直接以本体为对象的哲学,但是这并不意味着马克思的思想中没有哲学。 The object of philosophy is something that is not empirical data from a negative point of view, and something that is transcendental from a positive point of view. The transcendental thing cannot be the object of empirical knowledge;if it becomes the object of empirical knowledge, then it will be reified. This is beyond the scope of knowledge, of which we do not have any "concept". It can?t be said, but that does not mean that it does not exist. As metaphysics, what philosophy studies is the noumenon in a broad sense. Kant distinguishes the noumena from the phenomena. From this point of view, the noumenon, as analyzed by Heidegger, belongs to Erscheinung. However, Erscheinung can?t completely break away from the phenomenon and manifest itself as Heidegger said, rather it has to rely on the phenomenon. If we stick to the phenomenon, we cannot grasp Erscheinung.It requires both the help of the phenomenon and the transcendence of the phenomenon to grasp the noumenon. Marx?s critique of fetishism presupposes the noumenon. Marx unfolds the noumenon through the criticism in the field of phenomenon.Since noumenon is not the object of empirical science and can not be described directly, there is no philosophy directly taking noumenon as the object in Marx, but it does not mean that there is no philosophy in Marx?s thought.

关 键 词： 哲学的对象 辩证法 本体 本体论 马克思

领　　域： [哲学宗教—哲学理论]