作　　者： ;

机构地区： 暨南大学

出　　处： 《管理世界》 2019年第5期134-148,199,200共17页

摘　　要： 本文采用情境实验和问卷调查方法,对中国组织情境下上司与下属之间社会交换的互惠机制进行了探讨。具体而言,研究一(实验1)从上司的视角考察了组织中上司因下属个人才能、上下属关系亲疏以及交换类型的不同而采取的不同互惠法则。结果发现:(1)上司在其给予下属的晋升、奖励等工具性回报上,同时采用公平法则和人情法则;(2)上司在其给予下属的鼓励、支持等情感性回报上,同时采用公平法则和人情法则,但更偏重后者。研究二(实验2)和研究三(问卷调查)则从下属的视角考察了组织中上下属之间进行社会交换时下属采取的互惠法则,并通过引入经济法学中的"对价"理论,探讨了组织情境中公平法则和人情法则的本质。结果表明:(1)在面对上司不等价工具性回报时,下属针对才能采用公平法则;在面对上司不等价情感性回报时,下属针对才能采用人情法则;(2)在面对上司不等价工具性和情感性回报时,下属针对上下属关系采用人情法则;(3)公平法则是一种完全对价,即当双方提供的交换价值完全相等时,交换达成双方均满意的结果,否则会导致一方不满意;(4)人情法则是一种适度对价,即当双方提供的交换价值相差不大时,交换达成双方均满意的结果;若交换价值相差过大,则会导致一方不满意。上述研究结果整合了"公平"和"人情"这两种看似矛盾的社会交换法则,为理解中国组织情境下上下属间不同类型的互惠交换提供了新的理论视角。 This paper employed two scenario experiments and one survey to study the mechanisms of reciprocity for the supervisor-subordinate social exchanges within the Chinese organizational context. Study 1(Experiment 1) examined the principles that supervisors adopt according to subordinate ability and supervisor-subordinate guanxi from the perspective of supervisors. Results indicated that:(1)Supervisors adopted the principles of both fairness and renqing when engaging in instrumental exchanges with subordinates.(2)Supervisors adopted the principles of both fairness and renqing when engaging in affective exchanges with subordinates, but they relied more on the principle of renqing.Study 2(Experiment 2)and Study 3(a questionnaire survey)examined the principles that subordinates adopt when they engage in social exchanges with their supervisors and probed into the essence of the fairness and renqing principles by introducing the concept of consideration. The results of these studies demonstrated that:(1)When confronted with insufficient instrumental output from supervisors, subordinates adopted the principle of fairness in considering the factor of personal competence. When confronted with insufficient affective output from supervisors, subordinates adopted the principle of renqing in considering the factor of personal competence(2)When confronted with insufficient instrumental and affective output from supervisors, subordinates adopted the principle of renqing in considering the factor of supervisor-subordinate guanxi.(3) Fairness is the type of completely sufficient consideration. When the exchange values provided by the two parties are completely equal, they would feel satisfied. Otherwise, one of the parties would be unsatisfied.(4)Renqing is the type of moderately sufficient consideration. When the discrepancy between exchange values provided by the two parties are not too large, they would feel satisfied;when the exchange values of the two parties are excessively unequal, one of the parties would be unsatisfied. Thes

关 键 词： 社会交换 互惠 公平法则 人情法则 对价理论

分 类 号： [C912.82]

领　　域： []