作　　者： ;

机构地区： 暨南大学

出　　处： 《经济学动态》 2020年第2期74-89,共16页

摘　　要： 现有研究出口外溢的文献认为,企业之间的出口信息共享和出口费用分担可以促进出口。在中国的社会文化背景下,信息共享和费用分担往往嵌套于一定的关系网络中。分布于闽、粤、琼等省份的闽南语群体由于强烈的“海洋性”使得宗族组织泛化,普遍形成超越血缘关系的姓氏网络,克服了关系网络的可观测性和内生性问题。本文以中国工业企业数据库的闽南语区私人控股企业为样本,发现企业的出口概率会随着“同姓”企业(即企业负责人姓氏相同)当中出口企业占比的提升而提升。这表明存在基于姓氏网络的出口外溢。改变模型设定、使用工具变量等稳健性分析均不改变结论。安慰剂检验表明,“异姓”之间、国有或外资企业的“同姓”之间均不存在出口外溢。出口外溢在同一个行业大类里面不同行业小类之间发生,而不在有直接竞争关系的行业小类内部发生。姓氏网络在城市层面而非作为“熟人社会”的县域层面发挥作用;且主要在缺乏出口经验的企业、小企业、出口不太普遍的行业发挥作用。姓氏网络并未造成不同姓氏之间的出口机会不均等。 The existing literature on export spillover finds that sharing export information and cost among firms can promote export.In the Chinese context,information and cost sharing are typically embedded in social networks.For Hokkien speakers in Fujian,Guangdong and Hainan,high relevance with the ocean induces the generalization of lineages,usually leading to kinless surname networks,which help us overcome the observability and endogeneity problems associated with social networks.Selecting private holding firms in the Hokkien speaking areas from the Chinese industrial enterprises database as our sample,this paper finds that the probability of exporting increases with the proportion of exporting firms with the same“surname”(i.e.the surname of the person in charge of the firm),suggesting the existence of export spillover based on surname networks.Robustness tests such as changes of model setting and the use of IV and other checks are done and the results remain relatively unchanged.Placebo tests find no export spillover among firms with different“surnames”,or among state-owned and foreign-owned firms with the same“surname”.Export spillover occurs among different four-digit industries of the same two-digit industry,rather than within the same four-digit industry where there is direct competition among firms.Surname networks play a role at the prefecture level rather than at the county level,the latter of which dominated by strong ties,and mainly play a role in firms without export experiences,small businesses,and industries in which exports are less common.Surname networks have not resulted in increasing inequality of export opportunities among different surnames.

关 键 词： 闽南语 姓氏 出口外溢 社会网络 华侨华人

分 类 号： [F27]

领　　域： []