作　　者： ; ;

机构地区： 中国科学院广州地球化学研究所

出　　处： 《中国环境科学》 2019年第9期3691-3700,共10页

摘　　要： 对广州市主要的工业园以及清远电子垃圾回收拆解园周边空气中溴代阻燃剂(BFRs)进行了分析.结果表明,两地区大气中均以多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)和十溴二苯乙烷(DBDPE)为主(城市地区占比分别为30.0%和68.0%,电子垃圾区分别为74.5%和22.8%),其中PBDEs在城市地区和电子垃圾区的浓度中值分别为184和411pg/m^3;DBDPE则分别为414和193pg/m^3.在城市地区,PBDEs的浓度高值多出现在与机械、电子、装饰材料和汽车制造业有关的工业园,新型阻燃剂DBDPE高浓度则多在与机械和电子产品制造业相关的大气中,而1,2-二(2,4,6-三溴苯氧基)乙烷(BTBPE)可能受当地面源污染影响较大.城市地区低分子量的PBDEs的组成波动较大,与五溴联苯醚的禁用(直接排放减少)和来源复杂有关;而电子垃圾区低分子量PBDEs组成稳定,气-固相分配更接近平衡,说明来源较为单一.通过模型估算,城市地区的21个工业园每年约向空气中释放48.0kg的BDE209与163kg的DBDPE,4个电子垃圾拆解园每年约释放31.8kg的PBDEs与12.0kg的DBDPE. Air(particle and gas)samples were collected around 21 industrial parks in Guangzhou City and four electronic waste(e-waste)recycling parks in Qingyuan in South China and were analyzed for brominated flame retardants(BFRs).Polybrominated diphenyl ethers(PBDEs)and decabromodiphenylethane(DBDPE)were the two dominant BFRs in both regions.The median concentrations of PBDEs were 184pg/m^3 in the urban region and 411pg/m^3 in the e-waste region.The median concentrations of DBDPE were 414 and 193pg/m^3 in the urban and e-waste regions,respectively.High levels of PBDEs were frequently found for industries of machinery,electronics,furnishings selling,and automobile manufacturing;while DBDPE contamination tended to associate with machinery and automobile manufacturing.1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)ethane(BTBPE)probably emitted from diffusive sources in the urban region.Compositions of lower brominated diphenyl ethers varied greatly in the urban region,which may be due to the long-term prohibition of commercial penta-BDE mixture(reduction of primary sources)and multiple sources of these congeners.However,in the e-waste region these PBDEs exhibited similar compositions.The gas/particle partitioning also implies a near-equilibrium condition in this region.These findings indicated a relatively exclusive source(e-waste)in this region.The yearly emissions of BDE209 and DBDPE from the 21 industrial parks in urban region were estimated to be around 48.0 and 163kg,respectively.The estimated emissions of PBDEs and DBDPE from the four e-waste recycling parks were 31.8 and 12.0kg/a,respectively.

关 键 词： 溴代阻燃剂 工业活动 电子垃圾 大气 排放

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