作　　者： ; ;

机构地区： 广东工业大学轻工化工学院

出　　处： 《化学进展》 2020年第2期190-203,共14页

摘　　要： 微孔有机聚合物由于具有优异的热稳定性、化学稳定性、低密度、高比表面积、分子尺度的孔径分布等优点,在气体储存、气体吸附与分离、有机蒸气吸附、异相催化剂载体、水处理、功能材料等方面引起研究者们极大的兴趣。通常,分子构筑单元特别是在平面或空间中呈对称性的单元,是合成微孔有机聚合物的核心单位。在众多的构筑单元或单体中,多取代金刚烷化合物具有高空间对称性和刚性结构特点,已被成功地用作分子“结”与其他多种类型的连接单元(分子“杆”)来构建三维微孔有机聚合物,而且此类微孔有机聚合物在合成产率、结构稳定性、孔径分布、吸附分离等方面表现出许多特殊或优异的性质。本文介绍了目前由金刚烷结构单元构建的以下几种微孔有机聚合物在合成和性能方面的研究进展:苯环连接型、席夫碱连接型、酰亚胺连接型、富氮型(苯并咪唑和三嗪),详细分析和比较了这些聚合物在合成方法、结构特点、稳定性与吸附性能等方面的异同点。此外,介绍了几种其他新型的金刚烷基聚合物。最后提出基于金刚烷的微孔有机聚合物未来的研究方向与思路。 Microporous organic polymers(MOPs)is one of the most promising new materials for many applications,such as gas capture and storage,gas separation,organic vapor adsorption,heterogeneous catalyst carrier,water treatment,functional materials and so on,making them to be a research hotspot.This is due to the fact that MOPs have shown many advantages in,for example,excellent thermal stability,chemical stability,low density,high specific surface area,and molecular pore size architecture.Generally,molecular building blocks,particularly being symmetrical in plane or space,are the core architecture in the synthesis of MOPs.Among various building molecules,multi-substituted adamantane,has been reported as a new molecular"knot"candidate for the creation of MOPs,by connecting with a"linkage"molecule,thanks to its highly stereoscopic symmetrical structure and structural rigidity.In addition,the adamantane-based MOPs have shown many advantageous and interesting properties in terms of synthetic yield,structural stability,pore size distribution,gas/vapor adsorption and separation.This mini review focuses on recent progress in the synthesis and interesting properties of the MOPs with adamantane incorporated(MOP-Ad).The MOP-Ad polymers are classified into phenyl-linkage,Schiff base linkage,imide linkage,and nitrogen-rich(benzimidazole and triazine)categories.Special attention is paid to the similarities and differences with comparison in the synthetic route,structural characteristics,stability and adsorption properties.Besides,some emerging new types of Ad-polymers are briefly introduced and an outlook is also proposed for the MOP-Ad.

关 键 词： 金刚烷 微孔有机聚合物 合成 性能

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