作　　者： ; ; ;

机构地区： 仲恺农业工程学院

出　　处： 《环境科学与技术》 2019年第5期143-153,共11页

摘　　要： 膜分离技术由于具有优越的分离性能,较小的占地面积和低廉的成本,在废水处理领域具有较好的应用前景。然而,膜污染是制约膜分离技术进一步推广的决定性因素。回顾了近年来有关膜污染控制技术的研究成果,包括错流过滤、脉冲进料,多级膜组合工艺,特别是膜的表面改性方面的研究。提出了一些可行的抗污染策略,如将电泳电渗技术与膜分离工艺结合,可大大提高膜的抗污染性能。该文展望了材料改性方面的最新技术,采用仿生改性,如模仿细胞膜、多巴胺等结构和组分进行改性,制备的膜可以极大延迟膜的报废时限、延长膜的运行周期,是实现高效抗污染分离膜的有效措施和膜材料改良的最理想途径。总之,膜的改性应建立在充分了解膜污染机理和膜界面动力学的基础上,膜改性的成功与否,材料的选择至关重要。 Due to its extraordinary performance in separating pollutants from water,less occupation,low energy consumption,the membrane separation technology has become a well-established technology and drawing increasing attraction in multiple fields of the wastewater treatment.However,membrane fouling is among critical factors that restricted its further implementation.The paper reviewed the research achievements of membrane anti-fouling technologies,which includes cross-flow filtration,pulse feeds,and multiple stage assemble process,especially the surface modification of membranes during recent decades.Furthermore,some feasible tactics for anti-fouling of membrane had been proposed.For instance,a combination application of electrodialysis or cataphoresis with membrane separation will lead to a superior properties of anti-fouling of membranes.Besides,the latest technologies of material modification that could help to improve the abilities of membrane anti-fouling were prospected.As related to the membranes modification,utilization of bionics according to latest achievements in material researches,for example,by imitating cytomembrane,simulating the structure and compose of dopamine,may allow us to obtain multiple excellent membranes that were capable of greatly delay the endpoint and prolong the operation cycle.Nevertheless,the application of bionics was foreseeable an effective techniques that engage us to obtain a perfect membrane material in process of wastewater treatments.In a words,an effective modification of membranes would ultimately depend on a fully understanding the mechanism of fouling process and interface kinetics.As refer to a successful modification of a membrane,the selection of materials,is of immense importance.

关 键 词： 膜分离 抗污染 改性 展望

领　　域： []