作　　者： (）;

机构地区： 广东省人民医院

出　　处： 《中华生物医学工程杂志》 2019年第6期812-815,共4页

摘　　要： 目的采用超声对摄入不同食物后胃容量进行动态测量,探讨超声测量胃排空时间在术前禁食指导中的意义。方法前瞻性纳入2018年6月至2018年11月在广东省人民医院南海医院的58名健康志愿者,禁食10 h,并分为清饮组(n=18)、流质组(16例)及固体组(24例),分别摄入白开水250 ml、全脂牛奶250 ml和全麦面包110 g。采用二维超声在进食前、进食后10、30 min、1、2、3、4 h对胃容量进行动态检测、评估,固体组延长至胃排空。结果禁食10 h后,胃完全排空,进食10 min后清饮组、流质组及固体组的胃容量分别约(243.92±54.63)ml、(257.31±71.40)ml及(251.30±47.25)ml,组间比较,差异有统计学意义(P>0.05)。水排空时间约为1 h,牛奶约为2 h,全麦面包约为5 h,组间比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论超声能对胃容量进行测量与评估,摄入固态食物后,胃排空时间较水及流质食物排空慢,水及牛奶排空时间少于禁食指导时间,对术前禁食时间有指导意义。 Objective To dynamically measure the gastric volume after ingestion of different foods by ultrasonography,and to investigate the significance of ultrasound examination of gastric emptying time to guide preoperative fasting.Methods A total of 58 healthy volunteers were prospectively enrolled in Nanhai Division,Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital,between June 2018 and November 2018 and fasted for 10 h.They were divided into soft beverage group(n=18),liquid food group(n=16)and solid food group(n=24),taking 250 ml water,250 ml whole milk,and 110 g whole-grain bread,respectively.Gastric volume was dynamically detected and evaluated by two-dimensional ultrasound before ingestion,at 10 min,30 min,1 h,2 h,3 h and 4 h after ingestion.The ultrasound examination for the solid food group was extended to complete gastric emptying.Results After 10 h fasting,the gastric emptying was complete.At 10 min after ingestion,the gastric volumes of the clear beverage group,liquid food group and solid food group were 243.92±54.63 ml,257.31±71.40 ml and 251.30±47.25 ml,respectively(P>0.05).The emptying time was nearly 1 h for water,nearly 2 h for milk,and nearly 5 h for whole-grain bread(P<0.001).Conclusion Ultrasonography is useful to measure and assess the gastric volume.After ingestion of solid foods,the gastric emptying time is slower compared with water and liquid foods.The emptying time for water and milk is shorter than as the recommended fasting time and therefore has implications in guiding preoperative fasting.

关 键 词： 超声 胃内容物 胃排空时间 术前禁食

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