作　　者： ; ; ; ; ; ; ;

机构地区： 哈尔滨医科大学

出　　处： 《中国公共卫生》 2020年第2期178-182,共5页

摘　　要： 目的了解我国公众参与应急教育现状及其影响因素,为提高公众参与应急培训演练积极性和完善我国应急教育体系建设提供依据。方法 2015年4-9月,采用整群抽样方法,选取广东、黑龙江和四川3个省份共2 545名居民作为调查对象,运用描述性分析、χ2检验和逻辑回归方法进行统计分析。结果 46.7%和33.9%的公众认为非常有必要、比较必要参加应急教育活动,然而仅有25.2%和16.5%的公众过去一年内参加过应急培训和演练活动且活动较多关于地震、火灾、传染病、交通事故和防盗。多因素分析结果显示,年龄(OR=2.876)、文化程度(OR=1.561)、个人责任认知(OR=1.496)、行为评估(OR=1.286)、社会资本(OR=1.340)、网络获取应急知识(OR=1.397)、突发事件经历(OR=1.515)是参与应急培训演练的影响因素。应急教育存在主要的问题是社会重视不足(57.9%)、公众风险意识较差(41.5%)、开展次数少(38.4%)。结论我国公众的应急教育参与意愿较高,但活动参与度低;建议有关部门完善相关法律法规,加强资源配置;全社会应加强宣传,丰富应急教育的内容和形式。 Objective To explore the participation in emergency education and its influencing factors among urban and rural residents in China and to provide evidences for promoting emergency response training, improving emergency literacy and emergency response system. Methods Using cluster sampling, we conducted a household questionnaire survey among 2 545 residents aged 15 years and above in urban communities or rural villages in three provinces locating in southern,central and northeastern China from April to September 2015. Descriptive statistics, chi-square test and logistic regression model were adopted in data analysis. Results Of the 2 484 valid respondents, 46.7% and 33.9% considered that to participate in emergency education is extremely or indeed necessary;while only 25.2% and 16.5% reported the participation in emergency trainings and drills on responses to earthquake, fire, infectious disease epidemic, traffic accident or theft during past one year. The results of logistic regression analysis revealed following promoting factors for the participation in emergency education: at younger age compared to at ages of 61 years and above(15 – 30 years: odds ratio [OR] = 2.876, 31 –60 years: OR = 2.453), with higher education compared to the education of junior high school and lower(senior high school/secondary technical school: OR = 1.561, college and above: OR = 2.112), personal responsibility awareness(high vs.low: OR = 1.496), behavior evaluation capability(high vs. low: OR = 1.286), social capital(high vs. low: OR = 1.340),frequency of acquiring knowledge about emergency response through internet(high vs. low: OR = 1.397), and having the experience of emergency response(OR = 1.515). Insufficient attention from the society, poor risk awareness in the public and low frequency of emergency education are main problems in implementation of emergency education listed by 57.9%, 41.5%and 38.4% of the respondents. Conclusion The willingness to participate in emergency education is high, but the participation rate is low

关 键 词： 应急教育 应急素养 公众 应急培训演练

领　　域： []