作　　者： ;

机构地区： 中山市第二人民医院广东中山528400

出　　处： 《中国公共卫生管理》 2020年第1期43-47,共5页

摘　　要： 目的评价自我报告高血压的灵敏度,探讨其影响因素,为农村高血压管理实践提供依据。方法从2015年广东省清远市清新区农村居民慢性病及其危险因素数据库中筛选出18岁以上居民1 069人,其中实际高血压患者324例,自报高血压169例。基于筛检试验评价理论,分析自报高血压的灵敏度,统计方法采用Chi-square检验和稳健Possion回归模型。结果调查对象自报高血压灵敏度为45. 99%(40. 56%~51. 42%),灵敏度差异有统计学意义的变量包括年龄(χ~2=38. 802)、婚姻(χ~2=5. 667)、职业(χ~2=14. 239)、二手烟暴露(χ~2=10. 045)、是否体检(χ~2=20. 044)、心脑血管病史(χ~2=14. 122)、自评健康(χ~2=26. 307)。年龄大(Z=2. 46,PR=2. 46,P <0. 05)、自评健康"一般"(Z=2. 62,PR=2. 62,P <0. 05)或"差"(Z=3. 94,PR=3. 94,P <0. 05)、有心脑血管病史(Z=3. 84,PR=3. 84,P <0. 05)的人群自报灵敏度较高;不在业人员(Z=-2. 93,PR=0. 72,P <0. 05)、最近一年内未体检(Z=-4. 40,PR=0. 63,P <0. 05)的人群自报灵敏度较低。结论清远市农村居民自报高血压灵敏度相对较低,迫切需要加强农村公众的健康教育。同时应重点促进低龄、无业、未体检、无既往病史等群体的健康宣教。 Objective To analyze the sensitivity of self-reported hypertension and the influencing factors,provide the basis for rural hypertension management practice. Methods One thousand and sixty-nine residents aged 18 and over from the database of chronic diseases and risk factors of rural residents in Qingyuan district of Qingyuan in 2015 were selected. Among them,324 residents suffered from hypertension by objective measures,169 residents suffered from hypertension by self-reported. Based on the theory of screening tests,the sensitivity of self-reported hypertension was analyzed. The statistical methods adopted Chi-square test and robust Possion regression model. Results The self-reported hypertension sensitivity of the subjects was 45. 99%( 40. 56%-51. 42%). Statistically significant variables with sensitivity difference included age( χ~2=38. 802),marriage( χ~2= 5. 667),occupational type( χ~2= 14. 239),secondhand smoke exposure( χ~2= 10. 045),physical examination( χ~2= 20. 044),history of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases( χ~2= 14. 122),self-rated health( χ~2=26. 307). The multivariate model showed that self-reported sensitivity was higher for people who were older( Z = 2. 46,PR =2. 46,P < 0. 05),self-rated health"general"( Z = 2. 62,PR = 2. 62,P < 0. 05) or"poor"( Z = 3. 94,PR = 3. 94,P < 0. 05),history of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease( Z = 3. 84,PR = 3. 84,P < 0. 05). Self-reported sensitivity was lower for people who were unemployed( Z =-2. 93,PR = 0. 72,P < 0. 05),had no medical examination in the last year( Z =-4. 40,PR = 0. 63,P < 0. 05). Conclusion The self-reported hypertension sensitivity in rural residents in Qingxin district is relatively low. There is an urgent need to strengthen the health education of the rural public,and at the same time,it should focus on promoting the health education for those who are young,unemployed,not physically examined,and have no history of illness.

关 键 词： 农村 自报高血压 灵敏度

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