作　　者： ;

机构地区： 中山大学

出　　处： 《世界历史》 2007年第3期 38-48,共11页

摘　　要： 学术界一般认为，中古教会因其抑商而成为西欧社会转型的障碍。但从长时段的现实经济生活层面看，实情要远为复杂。即如教廷与商人的关系而言，在中古时代更多的是相互利用，商人为教廷服务，后者则提供保护。到近代早期，教廷变为依赖商人借贷生活，商人则通过教廷的这种依赖，最后跻身于教会贵族的行列。商人银行家集团在教廷中的兴起为资本主义的兴起与社会转型提供了极为有利的社会文化环境。在西欧社会转型过程中，天主教更多的是被迫去适应现实经济社会发展的普遍趋势。 In general, it is believed that the Church hindered the western social transition in Medieval Age because of its restriction on the commercial activities, this, however, is not the case. In the 13th and 14th centuries, the Popes protected the merchants, and the latter served for the former in the fiscal field. In the early modern period, the papacy lives on the venal offices; in return, the merchants were promoted by popes to the aristocrats. The reciprocal use provided an favorable social-cultural circumstances for the rise of capitalism and the social transition. During the social transition of western Europe, the Papacy had to adjust itself to fit with the social modernization.

关 键 词： 中古时代 商人教廷 国债 社会转型

分 类 号： [F718]

领　　域： []