作　　者： ;

机构地区： 中山大学

出　　处： 《人类学学报》 2013年第3期302-318,共17页

摘　　要： 本文对广东省湛江市遂溪县鲤鱼墩新石器时代遗址所出土的5例人类头骨进行了形态学分析。这些个体在种族特征方面较为一致,应属于蒙古大人种的范畴,可被视为＂古华南类型＂群体,较接近于现代的南亚类型。岭南地区6组史前时期人群的聚类分析（马氏距离）和特征分析结果表明,鲤鱼墩组、东湾仔北组、鱿鱼岗组与河宕组之间存在相对较近的形态学关系;柳江人和甑皮岩组关系最为密切。在更为广泛的地理空间范围内,对18组不同时期人群进行的聚类分析（马氏距离）和因子分析的结果显示,鲤鱼墩人群与其他人群保持了相对较远的形态学距离。另外,岭南地区的古人类从晚更新世阶段到新石器时代晚期,在颅骨的绝对测量值上反映出一个短颅化、狭颅化和高颅化的过程,而颅指数反映的却是长颅化的趋势,说明该地区古人类的颅宽值较之颅长值减小得更快,形成了颅骨尺寸在绝对值上的减小,在颅指数上却反映出长颅化趋势的现象。由此可以推测,现代南亚类型居民的典型长颅型特征可能是在全新世之初开始逐渐形成的。 The Liyudun Neolithic site, located in Suixi, Guangdong Province, is dated to 7000- 6000 BE The authors applied anthropometrical methods to quantify the human skulls. Results show that the skulls have traits fiting the Liyudun residents into the range of Mongolian Group. These residents have close morphological similarities to modem South Asian groups. Using e cluster analysis and traits analysis, three groups, Liyudun, Hedang and Dongwanzaibei show relatively close relationships. Liujiang and Zengpiyan also are similar. Youyugang is distant to other groups. And yet by conducting a Mahalanobis distance and factor analysis involving a wider geographic range, the Liyudun group is also distant from other groups. The authors found that there was a process of brachycephalization, acrocephalization and hypsicephalization in absolute measurement values, however a process of dolichocephalization in cranial index. This fact shows the maximum cranial length decreases faster than maximum cranial breadth during the late Pleistocene to the early Holocene, so we assume that the typical dolichocrany of modem South Asian groups appears at the beginning of Holocene.

关 键 词： 湛江 鲤鱼墩 新石器时代 头骨 形态学

分 类 号： [Q983]

领　　域： []