作　　者： ;

机构地区： 中山大学

出　　处： 《环球法律评论》 2018年第4期135-151,共17页

摘　　要： 美国联邦《信息自由法》在五十多年的适用中遭遇到了一些批评,如行政效率低下、信息提供不完整、法院未能对行政机关的保密主张展开有效监督等。但最为值得关注的是,新闻媒体机构认为政府信息多被企业所申请并展开商业利用,有悖于公平获取信息的立法目的。美国学界与实务界人士主张联邦行政机关限制商业性申请的作法并不合理,应当综合运用、完善现有机制并因应新技术发展而建立新机制作为解决问题的方案。首先,法院应当充分利用判决的优势,结合个案平衡商业秘密和公共利益的关系,确保企业信息不被非法获取,进而提升政府掌握各种信息、作出合理决策的能力。其次,应进一步研究建立合理的收费制度。考量的因素包括申请者申请信息的权利保障、申请者承担必要的成本以及行政机关的成本。再次,完善和创新主动公开制度。主动公开可以大量减少申请信息公开的数量,让行政机关释放更多的信息并提升其经济价值,未来应考虑借助网络和信息技术,实现和数据开放机制的融合与创新。 The United States Freedom of Information Act has encountered some criticisms in its over 50 years of application,such as inefficient administration,incomplete information provision,and the failure on the part of courts to effectively supervise administrative organs’claims of confidentiality.However,what deserves the most attention is that news media organizations think that government information is mostly commercialized by enterprises,which is against the purpose of the legislation,namely the fair access to information.The opinion,held by U.S.scholars and practitioners,that restricting the commercial use of government information is not reasonable,so to comprehensively apply and improve the existing mechanisms and to establish new ones for coping with new technology development should be considered as the solutions to the problem.Firstly,courts should take full advantages of case law to balance the relationship between business secrets and public interests,so as to ensure that the information of enterprises is not illegally obtained and to enhance the government’s ability to obtain all kinds of information and make reasonable decision.Secondly,scholars should carry out further study on the establishment of a reasonable fee-collection system.Factors to be taken into considerations in their study include the right to apply for information,the necessary cost to be borne by applicants,and the cost of administrative organs.Thirdly,the government should improve and innovate proactive disclosure system.Proactive disclosure can significantly reduce the number of applications of information disclosures,enable government agencies to release more information and enhance its value.Internet and information technology should be used to realize the integration and innovation of the open data system in the future.

关 键 词： 政府信息 商业利用 主动公开 商业秘密 平等获取信息

分 类 号： [D63]

领　　域： []