作　　者： ;

机构地区： 暨南大学文学院

出　　处： 《经济社会史评论》 2016年第4期56-78,共23页

摘　　要： 墨洛温和加洛林时期法兰克王国的范本文书集中有很多涉及奴仆的文书。这些文书表明，自由人委身为奴和主人释放奴仆的现象同时存在，二者都是维持主仆关系和社会控制的手段，都体现了底层社会活跃的纵向流动；教会在奴隶制衰落过程中的作用甚微；奴仆的地位从墨洛温和加洛林时期至11世纪经历了缓慢、长期的变化过程，文书中不存在乔治·杜比等学者所说的发生于公元1000年前后的“封建革命”；将文书中的依附者明确区分为奴隶和农奴十分困难，含义较为宽泛的“奴仆”一词更契合文书语境的多样性。 In both Merovingian and Carolingian Frankish kingdoms,many formulae contained evidences about servants.According to these evidences,there coexisted free men's commendation into servitude and lord's liberation of their servants.Both of these phenomena worked as a social control to sustain the relations between lords and servants,and they refl ected the active vertical mobility in the lower society.In the decline of the slavery,Christianity played a role less important as previously evaluated.In the long term from the Merovingian dynasty to the 11th century,the status of slaves and serfs changed slowly,and we cannot find in these formulae the ‘feudal revolution' around 1000 CE,as it is supposed by Georges Duby and other scholars.It's very difficult to distinguish slaves from serfs in these formulae,and ‘servant' is a word with wider meaning and therefore more consistent with the variety of contexts in these formulae.

关 键 词： 法兰克 奴仆 奴隶 农奴 封建化 范本文书

分 类 号： [D033.1]

领　　域： []