作　　者： ;

机构地区： 暨南大学

出　　处： 《中国工业经济》 2014年第8期5-17,共13页

摘　　要： 近年来随着一系列经济体制改革措施出台，政府为自然垄断产业的改革提出了新的方向与目标。但在落实改革任务前，如何测度自然垄断，如何准确界定自然垄断产业，成为摆在行业监管与体制改革机构面前的首要问题。其实。采用现代自然垄断理论中基于“成本次可加性”的自然垄断测度法。已在国内经济学界达成基本共识。然而。由于数据指标及成本函数估计等制约，国内相关研究一直停留在定性的理论研究上。为此，本文基于现代自然垄断理论框架，以超越对数成本函数模型估计了中国重化工业的成本函数。进而对其自然垄断属性进行了测度。研究结果表明，航空航天制造业是典型的自然垄断产业，独占经营时社会生产成本最低，政府实施一定程度的市场准入规制是可行的。而石化、农药、钢铁、汽车、铁道车辆、船舶等当前受政府严格规制的重化工业并非自然垄断，过度规制不可取。因此，政府规制与行业监管措施必须因行业制宜。本文所构建的自然垄断测度方法，可为今后经济体制改革与行业监管提供理论依据和方法工具。 Recently, with the reform of the economic system, China＇s government has put forward a new direction and goal for the reform of natural monopoly industries. But before implementing the reform, how to estimate natural monopoly in reality and how to accurately measure a natural monopoly industry has become a primary problem to the industry regulation institutions and economic reform institutions. In faet,＂cost subadditivity＂, which has been invented by Baumol et al., as a basic guideline of estimating natural monopoly has reached an agreement and been promoted in the domestic economists for a long time. However, because of restricting in data, indicators choosing and the estimation of cost function, the domestic research has always been stuck in the qualitative research. As for this, basing on the framework of modern natural monopoly theory, this paper uses the translog cost function model to estimate the cost function of China＇s heavy chemical industry and then estimates its natural monopoly property. The result confirms that the aerospace manufacturing industry is a typical natural monopoly industry, which has a lowest social production cost when monopolizing, which make it feasible for government to make entry regulation. Whereas, petrochemical industry, pesticide industry, steel industry, automobile industry, railway vehicles industry, vessel manufacturing industry are not natural monopoly, so entry regulation is undesirable. Therefore, the form of regulation must be adapt to the industry conditions. The estimating model of natural monopoly in this paper provides a theoretical basis and a decision-making reference for the future regulation and reform.

关 键 词： 自然垄断 规模经济 超越对数成本函数模型 似不相关回归 经济体制改革

分 类 号： [F276.8]

领　　域： []