作　　者： (王春霞）;

机构地区： 中国石油大学（北京）外国语学院,北京102249

出　　处： 《重庆社会科学》 2017年第7期116-121,共6页

摘　　要： 本文结合英国社会历史学家哈罗德·珀金在《现代英国社会起源》一书中对私人庇护制度的定义,通过分析小说《爱玛》海伯里村不同阶层村民间的社交往来,说明私人庇护制度在海伯里村的具体表现形式及其影响。在小说中,私人庇护制度表现出理想性的一面和现实性的一面。它的理想性是指,在该制度下,施惠者和受惠者"各取所需",形成"双赢"局面。它的现实性是指,在该制度下,海伯里村各阶层之间,甚至同一阶层之间并非绝对"和谐"。它的两面性表明奥斯丁对当时社会关系有美好设想,但她也深谙世道变化,尤其是财产原则对私人庇护制度的影响。 Based on English social historian Harold Perkin＇s explanation of private patronage and in his Origins of Modem English Society, this article is to illustrate how private patronage works and what influence it exerts on the relationship between the different social ranks in Emma＇s village Highbury. In the novel, private patronage displays its idealistic and realistic sides. The idealistic side refers to the sound operation of private patronage, which benefits patrons and the patronized materially and socially. The realistic one means that the working of private patronage tends to be challenged by such factors as the competition between patrons, the reluctant acceptance of imposed patronage, the property principle and so on. The double-sidedness of private patronage embodied in Emma implies that, on the one hand, Jane Austen has envisioned a harmonious relationship between the different social ranks; on the other hand, she is fully aware of the social changes which hinder the smooth operation of private patronage.

关 键 词： 私人庇护制度 施惠者 受惠者 理想性 现实性