作　　者： (孙源）; (王冬梅）; (崔伟红）; (李波）; (郝凤）; (李娜）; (陈鹏）;

机构地区： 烟台市疾病预防控制中心,山东烟台264003

出　　处： 《中国疫苗和免疫》 2017年第4期425-428,435,共5页

摘　　要： 目的分析烟台市2016年某小学水痘暴发疫情的流行病学特征及危险因素,评价水痘减毒活疫苗(Var V)的保护效果(VE)。方法采用描述性方法分析疫情的分布特征,采用病例对照研究分析发病危险因素。分析不同Var V接种史者的水痘罹患率,评价Var V的VE。结果该起暴发共发生27例水痘病例,总罹患率为1.54%。共发生5代病例,历时66天,出现3个发病高峰。校外及学校食堂午餐与此次疫情有显著联系(OR=20.26,95%CI:3.72-110.46;OR=12.15,95%CI:1.95-75.69)。暴露年级学生总Var V覆盖率为87.55%,其中1、2剂次的覆盖率分别为44.81%、42.74%。Var V的总VE为70.73%,其中1、2剂次的VE分别为62.20%、83.54%。结论密切接触、2剂次Var V覆盖率低是造成学校水痘暴发的重要原因。 Objective To determine epidemiological characteristics and risk factors of a varicella outbreak in a primary school of Yantai,and to assess vaccine efficacy（VE） of varicella attenuated live vaccine（Var V）. Methods We used descriptive methods to determine the characteristics of the outbreak,and we used a case-control study to assess outbreak risk factors. Var V＇s VE was evaluated using attack rates of varicella by Var V immunization history. Results A total of 27 varicella cases were reported during the outbreak,for an attack rate of 1. 54%. The outbreak involved five generations of cases and lasted66 days,with three incidence peaks. Eating lunch outside of school or in school were significantly associated with the outbreak（OR = 20. 26,95% CI： 3. 72-110. 46; OR = 12. 15,95% CI： 1. 95-75. 69）. Total Var V coverage was 87. 55%,with 44. 81% for 1 dose and 42. 74% for 2 doses. Var V ＇s VE was70. 73%,with 62. 20% for 1 dose and 83. 54% for 2 doses. Conclusions Close contact with patients and low 2-dose Var V coverage were the main reasons for the school outbreak.

关 键 词： 水痘 暴发 危险因素 水痘减毒活疫苗 保护效果