作　　者： (何国强）; (谢良生）; (戴耀良）; (尹婷辉）;

机构地区： 深圳大学有害生物防控中心,广东深圳518060

出　　处： 《广东农业科学》 2017年第5期57-64,共8页

摘　　要： 为探讨城市绿地群落树木密度的合理性,对100种园林常用树种不同规格的自由树树冠直径、树干直径进行每木调查,运用Excel及SPSS23.0软件对实测数据进行统计分析。结果表明:树木冠径比(CW/D)与树木的生长习性(针阔叶)、分枝形式没有相关性,与树冠形状密切相关;宽冠形(伞形、球形、广卵形、宽塔形树木)树木与窄冠形(窄长卵形、长锥塔形)树木、棕榈形树木冠径比差异极显著;窄冠形树木与棕榈形树木冠径比差异不显著。研究认为:(1)依冠径比大小将园林树木划分为宽冠形、窄冠形和棕榈形3个类型便于实际应用。(2)在园林绿地中根据树冠形状及冠径比进行选择与配置树种,有利于构建合理的群落结构,在绿地群落中参考自由树的冠径比指标进行控制和调整群落密度,更利于植物健康生长并提高空间利用程度、发挥最大的生态效益。(3)从发挥最好生态效益的角度考量,同一林冠层单一树种最小株行距参考值d1=D×(CW/D)÷100;相邻AB两树种最小株行距参考值d2=1/2(CW)A+1/2(CW)B。 To study the rationality of density of landscaping trees in urban green space, we investigated the crown width and trunk diameter of 100 kinds of open-growing trees commonly used in landscaping. Data were analyzed using EXCEL and SPSS 23.0. results showed that the ratio of crown to diameter （ CW/D ） did not correlate with the growth habits or branching of trees （ Coniferous and Broad Leaf Tree ） . However, they were closely related to the shapes of canopy. Wide crowned trees （ e.g. umbrella-type, spherical, wide oval and wide pyramid ） showed significant differences compared to narrow crowned tress （ long and narrow ovate, long tapered tower ） and the Palmaceaes in terms of CW/D ratio （ P 〈 0.01 ） . Trees with narrow crown had no significant difference in the CW/D ratio compared to Palmaceaes. The results suggests that： （ 1 ） For practical applications, the landscaping trees can be classified into 3 types according to the CW/D ratio, namely wide crowned, narrow crowned and palm-shaped trees. （ 2 ） Appropriate selection and allocation of trees by their shapes and CW/D ratio in landscaping and greening are beneficial to constructing reasonable flora structure. After green flora canopied, adjusting the density of flora with the reference of CW/D ratio is constructive to the growth of plants and proper utilization of space for maximizing ecological benefits. （ 3 ） For optimal ecological benefits, the recommended minimum intra-species spacing in the same canopy is defined as dl = D × （ CW/D ） ＋ 100. Whereas the minimum inter-species spacing follows d2 = 1/2 （ CW ） A ＋1/2 （CW） B.

关 键 词： 园林树木 自由树 冠径比 树冠 栽植密度 群落结构 生态效益