作　　者： (辜夕容）; (江亚男）; (倪亚兰）; (贾豪）;

机构地区： 西南大学资源环境学院,重庆400716

出　　处： 《中草药》 2017年第15期3218-3227,共10页

摘　　要： 银杏叶主要含黄酮类和萜内酯类等药用成分,其提取物制剂在临床上对心脑血管等疾病的治疗显示出良好效果。为获得优质高产的银杏叶原料,我国确定了高黄酮、高萜内酯、高产量的叶用银杏良种选育标准,并筛选出多个优良品种;研究了品种、性别、树龄、产地、生态环境、采收时期、叶着生部位与枝条类型等对银杏叶有效成分量的影响,以及施肥、整形修剪、密植等措施在增加银杏叶品质和产量方面的作用。今后仍需坚持对现有资源的搜集、保存、研究和良种选育工作,并在叶用银杏林的经营管理中推广生产良种化、种植规范化和基地化。 Ginkgo biloba mainly contains many kinds of special flavonoids and terpenlactones in its leaves. The preparation of Ginkgo biloba extract is very good for curing patients suffering from cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. In order to get more Ginkgo biloba leaves rich in flavonoids and terpenlactones, the rules are set to seek fine varieties including higher contents of flavonoids and terpenlactones, higher leaves yield than ordinary ones. Many fine varieties were selected according to these standards and applied in Ginkgo cultivation for leaf use. Factors affecting the contents of active ingredients and the amount of leaves covered Ginkgo varieties, sex, age, origin, environment, and harvest time, location in tree＇s canopy and branches, branch types and so on. The suitable application of fertilizer, trimming, pruning, and planting density will improve the yields of leaves and medicinal components. Future works should focus on two aspects, one is the germplasm resources collection, conservation, studying, and selection, another is directionally cultivation of leaf-used Ginkgo using improved varieties and standardized cultivation.

关 键 词： 银杏 黄酮 萜内酯 叶用林 良种选育 定向培育