作　　者： (梁文君）; (蔡泽江）; (宋芳芳）; (周世伟）; (艾天成）; (徐明岗）;

机构地区： 长江大学农学院,湖北荆州434025 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所/耕地培育技术国家工程实验室,北京100081

出　　处： 《农业环境科学学报》 2017年第8期1544-1550,共7页

摘　　要： 为探明红壤酸害的机理,采集了三种母质发育的红壤,经酸度调控后进行玉米盆栽试验。研究结果表明,玉米生物量与土壤pH的关系:土壤pH临界点为5.5左右,母质不同,临界点略有差异。土壤pH小于pH临界点时,玉米生物量随土壤pH的增加而线性增加,大于pH临界点时,玉米生物量基本保持不变(第四纪红土)或略有下降(板页岩、红砂岩)。土壤pH与交换性铝含量的关系:当土壤pH小于pH临界点时,随着土壤pH的增加,交换性铝含量直线下降;当土壤pH大于pH临界点时,交换性铝含量接近0,基本保持不变。土壤pH与交换性钙含量关系:第四纪红土土壤交换性钙含量随土壤pH增加线性增加;当土壤pH大于pH临界点时,板页岩、红砂岩土壤交换性钙含量随土壤pH呈线性增加,当土壤pH小于pH临界点时,土壤交换性钙含量基本保持不变,其值很小。不同母质发育的红壤,其土壤pH及交换性铝、交换性钙含量的临界值分别为第四纪红土:5.48及0.14、4.59 cmol·kg^(-1);板页岩:5.82及0.16、5.46 cmol·kg^(-1);红砂岩:5.54及0.13、3.06 cmol·kg^(-1)。 In China, red soils occur in the tropical and subtropical areas south of the Yangtze River. Soil damage and nutrient deficiency are two main factors liming agricultural production in this region. In order to explore the mechanism of red soil acid damage, the red soils developed from three parent materials were collected and used for a maize potting experiment after their acid content had been adjusted to differ-ent levels. There was a critical pH value（approx 5.5） for maize biomass, which differed slightly in red soil derived from different parent materials. The biomass of maize increased linearly with an increase in soil pH when the soil pH was less than the critical value, whereas the biomass remained essentially unchanged with increases in soil pH above the critical value for quaternary red clay, and showed a slight de-crease for soils derived from plate shale and red sandstone. The exchangeable aluminum content in the soils showed a linear decreased with an increase in soil pH below the critical pH value, its content is low and near to zero, and remained essentially unchanged when soil pH was higher than the critical value. The exchangeable calcium content in quaternary red soil increased linearly with an increase in soil pH when the soil pH was less than the critical value, whereas for soils derived from plate shale and red sandstone, the exchangeable calcium content remained essentially unchanged and at low levels. When soil pH was higher than the critical value, the exchangeable calcium content in the plate shale and red sandstone soils increased linearly with an increase of soil pH. The critical values of soil pH, exchangeable aluminum（1/3Al3 ＋）, and exchangeable calcium（1/2Ca^（2＋））are, respectively, 5.48, 0.14 cmol·kg^（-1）, and 4.59 cmol·kg^（-1）for quaternary red clay soil;5.82, 0.16 cmol·kg^（-1）, and 5.46 cmol·kg^（-1）for plate shale soil; and 5.54, 0.13 cmol·kg^（-1）, and 3.06 cmol·kg^（-1）for red sandstone soil.

关 键 词： 玉米 红壤 土壤 交换性铝 交换性钙