作　　者： (曾芳荣）; (殷文）; (张小红）;

机构地区： 会宁县农业技术推广中心,甘肃会宁730799

出　　处： 《西北农业学报》 2017年第7期1090-1098,共9页

摘　　要： 为探求不同覆膜方式对旱地农田土壤水温变化规律、降水利用特征和作物产量的影响。在甘肃中部半干旱地区,通过田间小区试验,研究全膜微垄沟播(PMRF)、全膜双垄沟播(PDRF)、全膜覆土穴播(PSH)、全膜平铺穴播(PH)和传统露地条播(CK)对大豆农田土壤水热特征及产量的影响。结果表明,与CK相比,PMRF'、PSH使播前至苗期0~100cm土壤含水量分别提高5.2%、12.2%;分枝期分别高13.6%、21.8%;PMRF'、PH提高开花至结荚期的土壤含水量分别为12.5%、7.7%。4种地膜覆盖处理有效提高大豆农田全生育期的土壤温度,其中,PMRF‘、PDRF处理大豆分枝期之前增温幅度较大、开花期之后温度变化幅度较小。与CK相比,地膜覆盖使籽粒增产36.9%~77.2%,其中PMRF籽粒产量达到2 500kg·hm^(-2),较PDRF、PSH、PH分别高7.2%、23.1%、29.4%。PMRF、PDRF'较CK耗水量分别降低5.2%和12.8%,水分利用效率分别提高86.8%、89.6%。全膜垄作沟播能够调控土壤的水温条件,提高大豆产量与水分利用效率,特别是全膜微垄沟播增产、增效效应较好,是旱作区进一步挖掘降水潜力和高产大豆创建的有效途径。 To study the effects of different plastic mulching modes on the change pattern of the soil moisture and temperature,the utilization of precipitation resource and yield of soybean（Glycine max L.） in dry-land is meaningful for establishing efficient cropping systems.In this study,a field experiment was carried out in typical semi-arid region in Gansu province,so as to optimize soil water and temperature under different plastic mulching modes of soybean.Five mulching modes were whole field surface plastic mulching and micro ridge-furrow planting（PMRF）,whole field surface plastic mulching and double ridge-furrow planting（PDRF）,whole field plastic mulching and hole planting（PSH）,whole field plastic mulching and hole planting（PH）,and uncovered drilling as a control treatment（CK）.The results showed that PMRF and PSH treatment significantly increased soil water content by 5.2%and 12.2%in 0 to 100 cm soil layer from before sowing to seedling stage,13.6%and 21.8%at branching stage,respectively,compared with CK.PMRF and PH significantly increased soil water content by 12.5%and 7.7%from flowering to pod-setting stage over CK treatment.Soil water content of PMRF was the highest from flowering to pod-setting stage.Plastic mulching significantly increased soil temperature in 0 to 25 cm soil layer in during the whole growth period of soybean,compared with CK,the treatment of PMRF and PDRF had the best effect on increasing soil temperature and lowering the range of soil temperature.Soybean grain yield was 36.9%to 77.2%higher in the four plastic mulching treatments than that in CK;the grain yield of PMRF reached for2 500 kg·hm^-2,which was 7.2%,23.1%,and 29.4%higher than PDRF,PSH,and PH,respectively.PMRF and PDRF decreased water consumption by 5.2%and 12.8%,but they improved water use efficiency by 86.8%and 89.6%than CK,respectively.In conclusion,whole field surface plastic mulching and ridge-furrow planting（i.e.,PMRF,PDRF） could regulate soil water and temperature,improve grain yield and water use eff

关 键 词： 大豆 地膜覆盖 土壤温度 土壤水分 产量