作 者: (张飒乐); (李英); (冯香艳); (汪勇);
机构地区: 西安培华学院医学院,陕西西安710125 西安交通大学医学部,陕西西安710061
出 处: 《中国医学伦理学》 2017年第8期968-971,993,共5页
摘 要: 目的了解西安市社区空巢老人的心理健康状况,分析原因并提出有效对策。方法采用了一般情况调查表、症状自评量表(SCL-90)、社会支持评定量表(SSRS)及纽芬兰纪念大学幸福度量表(MUNSH)对老年人心理健康状况进行测查。问卷测查了280位老人,其中实验组(空巢老人)130人,对照组(非空巢老人)150人。结果一般资料中两组老人在性别、年龄、文化程度等方面差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。SCL-90量表结果显示:实验组老人在躯体化、人际关系、抑郁、焦虑及恐怖这5个因子中得分均明显高于对照组(均P<0.05);而其他因子两组间不存在差异(均P>0.05)。SSRS量表结果显示:实验组老人在社会支持总分、客观支持和对支持的利用度方面明显低于对照组老人(P<0.01);在主观支持方面也低于对照组老人(P<0.05)。MUNSH量表结果显示:总体来看实验组老人主观幸福感明显低于对照组老人(P<0.01)。结论西安市社区空巢老人心理健康水平总体偏低,建议通过完善我国养老保健机制;呼吁社会团体充分发挥帮扶作用;加强社区卫生服务中心的心理干预内涵;加强伦理道德-孝文化建设,深化家庭意识以期促进空巢老人的心理健康。 Objective: To investigate the urban community empty nesters' mental health status in Xi' an, ana- lyze the causes, and thus to recommend some countermeasures. Methods: The general situation questionnaire, the Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL- 90), the Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS) and the Memorial University of New- foundland Scale of Happiness were used to investigate the mental health status of urban community empty nesters. A total of 280 old men have been investigated, of which 150 were empty nesters (research group) but 130 were not (control group). Results: There was no statistically significant difference in gender, age, education background between the two groups (P 〉 0.05 ). As for SCL - 90, the average scores of somatization, interpersonal relation- ship, depression, anxiety, and horror in the research group were significantly higher than the control group (P 〈 0.05), while there was no significant difference in other factors (P 〉 0.05). The scores of SSRS, objective sup- port, subjective support, and exploitation degree of support in the research group were all significantly lower than the control group (P 〈 0.05). The subjective well -being was significantly lower in the research group than the control group (P 〈 0.01 ). Conclusion : In Xi' an, the overall mental health of community empty nester is at a low level. It suggests perfect the old -age care system in our country, appeal to social organizations to give full play in supporting role, strengthen psychological intervention of community health service center, strengthen the construc-tion of ethics and filial piety culture, deepen the consciousness of family in order to improve the empty nesters' mental health.