作　　者： (闵维方）;

机构地区： 北京大学教育学院,北京100871

出　　处： 《北京大学教育评论》 2017年第3期123-136,共14页

摘　　要： 在科学技术突飞猛进、网络社会蓬勃兴起、知识经济高速发展的今天,通过教育形成的各种知识和能力为个人和社会带来的经济价值和社会价值比以往任何时代都要大得多。在人类的历史上,一个国家的经济增长从来没有像今天这样更多地依赖于教育。本文通过实证研究指出,在当前中国特定的社会经济条件下,教育促进经济增长的具体作用机制,其中包括:一是教育通过提高人力资本质量推动全要素生产率的提升,促进经济增长;二是教育通过提高人的知识技能,造就相应产业所需要的劳动者,推动产业结构升级,促进经济增长;三是教育通过提高农民的文化科学水平、生产操作能力和经济运作视野,提高农业劳动生产率,使更多的农民从土地上解放出来,进入城镇的第二产业或第三产业,加快以人为核心的新型城镇化进程,促进经济增长;四是教育通过调节收入分配结构,扩大中等收入群体,更新消费观念,从而促进居民消费增加,拉动经济增长。教育对经济增长的促进作用是一个长期的过程,而且会受到宏观经济政策和体制机制等制度化因素的影响。 With the dramatic advancement of science and technology, the rise of a network-based society and the rapid growth of a knowledge-based economy,the knowledge and skills acquired from education benefit individuals and society in ways much larger than before. In history, a country's economic growth has never so much depended upon its education. This empirical study points out that under China's current specific conditions,education promotes its economic growth through raising total factor productivity by improving human capital; through upgrading industrial structure by cultivating the necessary workers needed by higher level industries; through accelerating urbanization by raising knowledge and skills of farmers and agriculture productivity, thus liberating more peasants for manufacturing and tertiary industries; and through increasing household consumption by adjusting distribution of income and cultivating a larger mid-income group. Education promoting economic growth is a long-term process which is strongly influenced by the country's macroeconomic policies and institutional environments.

关 键 词： 教育 经济增长 全要素生产率 产业结构升级 城镇化 收入分配