作　　者： (张晓娜）; (杨镒峰）; (常彤）; (许保增）;

机构地区： 中国农业科学院特产研究所特种经济动物分子生物学国家重点实验室,长春130112 内蒙古大学,呼和浩特010021

出　　处： 《特产研究》 2017年第3期50-54,共5页

摘　　要： 雌激素、雄激素是动物体内重要的类固醇激素,通过下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴调控卵泡的发育过程。双特异性激酶MEKS和ER-Shc-IGFR复合体分别通过介导MAPK/ERK信号途径降低雌激素的生成,消减其对下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴的负反馈作用,促使卵泡募集,选择和优势化过程;ER-PI3K-IGFIR复合体通过PI3K-Akt-NO信号通路激活卵巢中的原始卵泡,促进卵泡早期发育和卵母细胞的分裂成熟。雄激素通过PI3K-Akt通路和Wnt通路使卵泡募集,刺激卵泡的膜间质细胞和颗粒细胞生长,减少卵泡凋亡和闭锁的发生,调节卵泡的发育和成熟。在畜牧业生产实践中,科学家利用下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴的正负反馈机制,制成雌激素、雄激素的免疫制剂,从而达到人为控制家畜排卵数量和繁殖效率的目的。 Estrogen/androgen is an important steroid hormone, which plays key roles inthe follicular development through hypothalamic- pituitary-gonadal axis in animals. Dual specificity kinase MEKS and ERa -Shc-IGFR complex activate the MAPK/ERK signaling path-way, respectively, to decrease the production of estrogen, which reduces the negative feedback of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis so as to prompt follicular recruitment, selection and dominance. In addition, ERa-PI3K-IGFIR complex activates ovarian primordial follicles through PI3K-Akt-NO signaling pathway to promote early follicular development and oocyte meiosis. Androgen could also im-prove follicular development through the pathway of PI3K-Akt and Wnt to facilitate follicle recruitment, promote the growth of inter-follicular stromal cells and granulosa cells and prevent follicles from apoptosis and atresia. In the practice ofanimal husbandry, scientists vaccinate animals with biological agents ofestrogen or androgen according to the positive and negative feedback ofthe hypothalamic-pi-tuitary-gonadal axis to increase the numbers of ovulated eggs, which, in turn, enhances the breeding efficiency of vaccinated animals.

关 键 词： 雌激素 雄激素 卵泡发育 生殖免疫