作　　者： (徐玲）;

机构地区： 广东技术师范学院外国语学院,广东广州510665

出　　处： 《西安外国语大学学报》 2017年第3期9-13,共5页

摘　　要： 英语名词最典型的语法特征是单复数,汉语名词最典型的语法特征则是与量词搭配,这些句法行为都是由名词的数量语义特征决定的。传统语言学中所说的名词"不可数"概念实际上包含着本质上很不相同的情况,有些名词是无论在什么情况下都是绝对不可数的,有些名词是借助于某种词语就变成可数的,有些名词是只能用数目"1"等少数数字来称数,还有一些则是只能用模糊量"一些、很多"等来称数。更重要的是,几乎所有的名词在特定的语境里都可以被识解为不可数的,此时就会丧失名词的数量语法特征。研究发现英汉不可数名词可以分为"构词上的不可数"、"现实上的不可数"以及"语法上的不可数"三个类型。研究成果对我国的外语教学与对外汉语教学及研究均有积极的启示作用。 The related literatures reveal that nouns in English are characterized by the‘singular-plural＇distinction while their counterparts in Chinese are equipped by system of classifiers. However,it doesn＇t necessarily mean that all the English nouns can be added by the plural marker-s and all the Chinese nouns can be modified by‘number ＋ classifier＇phrases. In fact,the term ‘uncountable＇in traditional linguistics refers to several quite different phenomena： 1） they are absolutely uncountable by any means; 2） they can be turned into countable nouns by means of certain classifiers; 3） they can be only counted by certain numbers such as ‘1＇,etc. More importantly,almost all those countable nouns behave like‘uncountables＇ in certain contexts in which they are construed as generic nouns. The study reveals that uncountable nouns can be categorized into lexical-uncountable,substance-uncountable,and syntactical-uncountable respectively. It is concluded by claiming that the research is of much implication to foreign language teaching and research as well as teaching Chinese to foreigners as a foreign language.

关 键 词： 单数 复数 量词 可数名词 不可数名词 识解