作　　者： (贾建博）; (江翠娟）; (闫兵）;

机构地区： 山东大学化学与化工学院,济南250100

出　　处： 《科学通报》 2017年第24期2749-2757,共9页

摘　　要： 不同人群对环境中有害因素的反应存在差异.处于孕期、哺乳期、幼年时期、老年时期等特殊生理时期的群体以及呼吸道、心血管、肝脏等组织器官处于疾病状态的群体通常对外源性有害刺激反应更加敏感,为危害因素的易感群体.纳米科技的发展和纳米材料在各领域的广泛应用使得人类接触纳米材料的机会大大增加.在正常群体的纳米安全性值得我们关注,纳米材料对易感群体的毒性效应更应受到重视.本文结合本课题组的部分研究结果,综述了纳米材料对处于特殊生理时期或疾病状态的易感群体小鼠的生物安全性方面的进展,以及纳米材料与污染物的复合物在易感群体小鼠中的毒性效应,并讨论了将来可能的研究重点. The unique physical/chemical properties of nanomaterials （NMs） lead to their extensively applications in energy, electronics, chemical engineering, biomedicine, and consumer products. The production, usage, and disposal of NMs and NM-based products have inevitably increased their environmental accumulation and human exposures. Previous studies have shown that NMs are toxic both in vitro and in vivo. Oxidative stress, inflammation and mitochondria damage have been suggested as some possible mechanisms of NM-induced toxicity. Although it is necessary to investigate toxicity of nanomaterials in healthy population, it is even more urgent to understand such nanotoxicity in susceptible populations because of their increased sensitivity to environmental pollutants. Here, we review the recent progresses on nanotoxicity in models of susceptible population such as pregnant, lactating, aged, and those with various diseases. Generally, NMs exposures during pregnancy or lactation stages not only cause toxicity to dams, but also affect the growth and development of their pups. Meanwhile, aged or newborn mice are more susceptible to NMs because of the deficiency or imperfection of some of their physiological functions. Besides, mouse models with chronic respiratory, cardiovascular, and liver diseases, have also been investigated. NMs exposures via inhalation or intratracheal instillation aggravate respiratory symptoms and cardiovascular conditions in diseased mouse models. The liver is a detoxification organ as well as a major organ for NMs accumulation. NMs deposited in the liver aggravate liver conditions in mouse models with liver diseases, suggesting that the populations with liver diseases should be particularly aware of NMs exposures. Factors such as oxidative stress, inflammation and mitochondria damage are involved in the progression of various diseases. Studies have shown that NMs exposure induces oxidative stress, inflammation and mitochondria damage, and consequently accelerates disease progression in diseased po

关 键 词： 纳米材料 生物安全性 易感群体 小鼠模型