作　　者： (张智泓）; (王晓阳）; (佟金）; (赖庆辉）; (张兆国）; (高旭航）;

机构地区： 昆明理工大学现代农业工程学院,云南昆明650500 美国农业部农业应用技术研究中心,俄亥俄州伍斯特44961,美国

出　　处： 《排灌机械工程学报》 2017年第8期700-708,730,共10页

摘　　要： 为科学地量化分析和准确评估土壤表面微形貌加工整地措施对红壤丘陵区坡耕地的土壤侵蚀调控作用,以衡量土壤表面微形貌加工作业对云南省红壤丘陵区坡耕地的适用性和有效性,进行了人工模拟降雨(240 min,55 mm/h),在不同坡面坡度(7.5°,9.0°,12.0°和15.0°)条件的试验小区进行径流试验,将产流量、产沙量和产流时间作为关键参数进行了测定.研究结果表明,在不同坡度的坡面,与控制组(土壤表面无微坑)相比,经土壤表面微形貌加工作业后的地表均可明显延长产流时间、减少产流量和产沙量,产流时间最大可延长51.18%,产流量最多可减小43.04%,产沙量最多减小25.14%.本研究可为南方红壤丘陵区坡耕地水力侵蚀的防治提供新的方法和数据基础. The main objectives of this work were to investigate and quantify water storage from microtopographical preparation and how it could be adapted to the infiltration of harvested water for use in the Yunnan red soil hilly region semi-arid environments. The experiments were conducted under thefull-scale rainfall simulator（ 240 min,55 mm/h） for four surface slopes（ 7. 5°,9. 0°,12. 0° and15. 0°） runoff/erosion catchment plots. The data obtained from each treatment included runoff time lag,surface runoff and sediment yield. The results show that on all slope surfaces,through micro-topographical preparation,runoff time lag can be increased by 51. 18%; surface runoff can be reduced by43. 04%; sediment yield can be reduced by 25. 14%,as compared to a control treatment with no depression. This research can provide a novel method and data basis for the prevention and control of water erosion in red soil hilly regions.

关 键 词： 土壤表面微形貌加工 降雨集蓄 水土流失 侵蚀 产流 产沙 模拟降雨