作　　者： (王琰）; (童春富）;

机构地区： 华东师范大学河口海岸学国家重点实验室,上海200062

出　　处： 《生态学报》 2017年第16期5504-5513,共10页

摘　　要： 蟹类洞穴是蟹类在潮间带盐沼生存、繁衍的特征性结构,具有重要的生态功能。洞穴分布特征及其影响因子的分析,是深入探讨蟹类及其洞穴的生态系统功能的重要基础。2015年10月,在崇明北滩单一芦苇(Phragmites australis)群落,单一互花米草(Spartina alterniflora)群落和芦苇-互花米草混合群落3种典型生境中,对蟹类洞穴的分布特征及其相关的大型底栖动物、植被、沉积物等的特征参数进行了调研与分析。结果表明,生境类型差异对蟹类洞穴分布特征及相关生境因子具有重要影响。蟹类洞穴的分布密度和开口直径在不同生境间存在显著差异(P<0.05),且单一芦苇群落生境内洞穴密度要显著高于单一互花米草群落生境(P<0.05),洞穴开口直径在单一互花米草生境要显著高于单一芦苇生境(P<0.05);大型底栖动物生物量、密度、植物地下部分生物量在不同生境间差异不显著(P>0.05),而植株密度、活植株高度、植物地上部分生物量以及沉积物含水率、p H、氧化还原电位在不同生境间存在显著差异(P<0.05)。沉积物中值粒径,总氮含量和总碳含量在不同生境间的差异随深度不同会发生变化。不同生境主要生境因子的差异是导致蟹类洞穴分布特征不同的根本原因;蟹类洞穴分布特征受多个生境因子的综合作用。筛选的生境因子的组合虽然与洞穴分布特征具有显著相关性,但相关系数较小。未来研究中需要拓展生境因子涵盖范围,加强多因子综合作用分析。 Crab burrows have a unique structure, which is essential for ecosystem functions and for the survival and reproduction of crabs in tidal salt marshes. Studies on the distribution characteristics of the burrows, and corresponding factors that influence such features, provide an important basis to reveal the ecosystem functions of crabs and their burrows. In October 2015, we conducted surveys on crab burrows in three typical salt marsh habitats in the northern tidal flat of Chongming Island in the Yangtze estuary, including the Phragmites australis habitat, Spartina alterniflora habitat, and P. australis-S. alterniflora mixed habitat. In each habitat, the characteristics of crab burrows and related factors, including macrobenthos, vegetation, and sediment, were surveyed. The results indicated that the type of the habitat influenced the crab burrow distributions and their related factors. Burrow densities and opening diameters were significantly different among the different habitats （P 〈 0.05）. The burrow density in P. australis habitat was significantly higher than that in S. alterniflora habitat （P 〈 0.05）, whereas the burrow opening diameter in S. alterniflora habitat was significantly greater than that in P. australis habitat （P 〈 0.05）. There was no significant difference in biomass and density of macrobenthos, and belowground biomass of plants among the different habitats （P 〉 0.05）. However, there were significant differences in shoot density, height, aboveground biomass of the vegetation, as well as water content, pH, and oxidation-reduction potential of the sediment among the different habitats （P 〈 0.05）. The differences among the habitats in the total carbon content, total nitrogen content, and median particle diameter of the sediments varied with depth. The different combinations of habitat factors resulted in a variation in the distribution characteristics of crab burrows. In the present study, although the combination of several selected factors was significantly correlat

关 键 词： 长江口 盐沼湿地 蟹类 洞穴分布 影响因子