作　　者： (何奇松）;

机构地区： 上海师范大学法政学院,上海201701

出　　处： 《国际安全研究》 2017年第5期26-52,共27页

摘　　要： 作为第四空间的太空是国际争夺的战略制高点。中美两国在太空领域有着广泛利益,涉及其国家安全与经济繁荣以及国际声望。中美两国之间的太空关系,事关国际战略稳定与平衡。尽管两国都主张太空安全,但是中美太空安全观大相径庭,在如何确保太空安全的方式上存在巨大差异。中国在安全困境下考虑和实施太空政策,谋求太空安全;美国则是推进太空武器化,保证美国治下的太空安全。两国在太空安全领域上进行了针锋相对的较量。美国使用传统守成大国对待崛起大国的方法,不仅研发更先进的(反)太空技术,而且也禁止中美太空合作,同时拼凑同盟,封堵中国(反)太空能力的发展。与美国相比,中国应对美国太空封堵手段相对较少,只有潜心发展自己的(反)太空能力,才能确保太空资产安全和国家安全。在外交场合下,在禁止太空军备竞赛与《禁止生产用于核武器及爆炸装置的裂变材料条约》、禁止太空武器化的国际条约与自愿性质的国际太空行为规范准则两组问题上,中美两国也进行了互不妥协的对抗。为降低两国在太空安全领域的对抗烈度,中美两国开启了民用太空对话与太空安全对话机制,同时,也不排除特朗普政府未来会启用中美外交安全对话机制处理太空安全问题。 Space,as the fourth dimension,has become a strategic high ground for international competition and contention. Both China and the United States have a wide range of interests in space with their national security,economic prosperity and international prestige at stake. The space relationship between China and the United States plays a pivotal role in international strategic stability and balance. Although both countries advocate space security,their conceptions and perspectives of space security are diametrically different in how to safeguard and enhance space security.While seeking space security,China initiates and implements its space policies against the backdrop of the security dilemma; the United States facilitates the weaponization of space. As an established power,the United States is pursuing the traditional strategies in dealing with the rising power. On the one hand,it endeavors to research and develop more advanced( counter-) space technology. On the other hand,it prohibits any cooperation with China in space and bands together with its alliances to block the development of China's( counter-) space capabilities. In contrast,with less countermeasures against US containment of China 's space development,China shall commit itself to developing its own( counter-) space capabilities to ensure the security of its space assets and national security. In a diplomatic context,China and the United States have an uncompromising confrontation on two sets of issues——one is prohibiting space arms race vs. FMCT and the other is the legally binding international treaty vs. voluntary CoC of space. In order to reduce the intensity of competition between China and the United States in terms of space security,both parties have initiated the Civil Space Dialogue and Space Security Dialogue Mechanisms.

关 键 词： 第四空间 太空安全 太空技术 反 太空能力 太空武器化 中美太空安全对话