作　　者： (于帅）; (贾娜尔）; (张振兴）; (李昆）; (孙东东）; (杨海军）;

机构地区： 东北师范大学生命科学学院,长春130000

出　　处： 《应用与环境生物学报》 2017年第4期728-733,共6页

摘　　要： 利用大型底栖动物进行河流生态系统健康评价是一种有效且能够综合反映河流生态系统变化的生物评价方法,对于河流监测、管理与保护具有重要指导作用.2014年7月和2015年7月对新疆伊犁河支流喀什河和巩乃斯河共17个样点的大型底栖动物群落进行调查分析,共采集大型底栖动物19 735头,分10目39科81属(种),其中水生昆虫、软体动物和寡毛类分别占93.8%、2.5%和3.7%.采用Shannon-Wiener指数、Pielou指数、Margalef指数、BMWP记分系统和ASPT记分系统对伊犁河进行水质健康评价.结果表明伊犁河河流健康状况整体较好,但不同河段间的水质健康等级差异较大.其中喀什河水质健康等级为亚健康和健康的河段占35.6%,差与极差的河段占20.0%;巩乃斯河水质健康等级为亚健康和健康的河段占84.0%,不存在健康等级为差和极差的样点.其中ASPT记分系统和Pielou指数评价结果在灵敏度上稍差,ShannonWiener指数、Margalef指数和BMWP记分系统更适合伊犁河地区的水质生物评价. Using macroinvertebrates to assess river health has been proved to be an effective bioassessment method, which can comprehensively reflect the changes of the river ecosystem and play an important guiding role in river monitoring, management, and protection. Sampling macroinvertebrates was carried out in 17 sites in two tributaries of Yili River, i.e., Kashi River and Kunnes River. A total of 81 macroinvertebrate species, belonging to 39 families and 10 orders, were collected, of which 75 species （93.8%） were aquatic insects, 2 species （2.5%） were mollusks, and 3 species （3.7%） were oligochaetes. Based on Shannon-Wiener index, Pielou index, Margalef index, biological monitoring working party （BWMP） score system, and average score per taxon （ASPT） score system, the ecosystem health of Yili river was evaluated. The results showed that the health of the aquatic ecosystem of Yili River was at a high level as a whole. However, health quality ratings among different sampling sites were different. According to the results, in Kashi River, the sites that were in the “healthy” and “subhealthy” conditions accounted for 35.6%, and the percentage of the “poor” and “very poor” sites was 20.0%. For the Kunnes River, sites that were in the “healthy” and “subhealthy” conditions accounted for 84.0%, and there were no sites in the “poor” and “very poor” conditions. Pielou index and ASPT evaluation systems showed slightly inferior sensitivity, while Shannon-Wiener index, Margalef index, and BMWP score were found to be suitable indices for bioassessment in Yili River.

关 键 词： 大型底栖动物 群落结构 水质 生物指数 伊犁河