作　　者： (李利桥）; (王德福）; (李超）;

机构地区： 东北农业大学工程学院,哈尔滨150030

出　　处： 《农业机械学报》 2017年第8期123-132,共10页

摘　　要： 针对我国日粮混合机机理研究及自主设计不足的问题,结合我国畜牧业发展的实际需要,设计了一种在筒体内壁安装抄板的回转式日粮混合机,实现日粮的均匀混合。为揭示其混合机理,利用回转式日粮混合试验装置,借助高速摄像技术对其混合过程进行了观察和分析,结果可知:按筒体内物料颗粒群运动特征可将物料分布区域划分为提料区、抛落区、回料区,其中抛落区是主混合区,其物料以剪切混合为主、以扩散与对流混合为辅,且各个区域的位置、大小、形状受结构和运行参数的影响很大;同时,以筒体转速、物料装载率、混合时间、抄板安装角和抄板高度为试验因素,以变异系数、净功耗为评价指标,采用五因素五水平(1/2部分实施)正交旋转组合试验方法进行了性能优化试验,并确定其最佳参数组合为:筒体转速23.5 r/min、物料装载率65%、混合时间4 min、抄板安装角11°、抄板高度109 mm,此时变异系数、净功耗分别为2.09%、33.734 kJ,比优化前分别降低了64.4%和15.1%。 In order to overcome the shortcomings of the traditional feeding method,the feeding industry of ruminant gradually adopts the ration feeding technology that mixes the nutrient formula of roughage,concentrate and various additives uniformly. The models of foreign ration mixers tend to serialization and automation,but there are disadvantages such as high price, large power, and strong technical confidentiality,which limit the popularization and application of foreign ration mixers in China.Considering the shortage of mechanism study and innovative research of ration mixers,and the actual needs of animal husbandry in China,for promoting the application of ration feeding technology in China,a rotary ration mixer was designed. In order to reveal the mixing mechanism,the rotary ration mixing experimental device was designed and used to observe and analyze the mixing process by the high-speed photography technology. According to the movement characteristics of material particle group in the drum,the material distribution area was divided into material lifting area,dropping area and material returning area. The dropping area was the main mixing area,in which materials were mixed by main shear mixing and auxiliary spread mixing and auxiliary convective mixing. The location,size and shape of each area were affected by the structural and operating parameters. At the same time,the experimental ration was chosen according to the forage-concentrate ratio of 35 ∶ 65（ based on dry matter content）.Rotary speed of the drum,loading rate of materials,mixing time,inclination angle of the shoveling plate and height of the shoveling plate were used as experimental factors,coefficient of variation and net power consumption were used as evaluation indexes,the method of orthogonal rotational combination experiment of five factors and five levels was used to carry out the optimization experiment of performance. The experimental results showed that coefficient of variation was 2. 09% and net power consumption was 33. 734 kJ under the

关 键 词： 日粮混合机 回转式 抄板 混合机理 试验