作　　者： (朱玲）; (龚强）; (王小桃）; (李倩）; (徐红）; (晁华）; (顾正强）; (沈历都）; (蔺娜）;

机构地区： 沈阳区域气候中心,辽宁沈阳110166

出　　处： 《气象与环境学报》 2017年第4期71-77,共7页

摘　　要： 利用1965—2014年辽宁省54个气象站月平均气温和地表温度观测资料、2003年45个气象站气温与地表温度的人工和自动定时观测资料,分析辽宁省气温、地表温度及地气温差的变化特征,并分析了地气温差变化的主要原因。结果表明:1965—2003年辽宁省气温和地表温度相关性较好,均呈显著升高的趋势,地气温差的变化较小;2004年开始气温较前10 a(1994—2003年)差异较小,而地表温度持续升高,地气温差加大,此现象在辽宁省东北部地区冬季最显著。2004年辽宁省气象站全面由人工观测改为自动站观测,积雪天气时人工气象站观测的地面温度为雪面温度,自动气象站观测的地面温度为雪下温度,不同观测方式引起的地面温度差异是导致近10 a(2004—2014年)地表温度持续升高的最主要原因。因此,辽宁省积雪期最长的东北部地区是地气温差加大最显著的区域。可见,观测方式的改变是导致2004—2014年辽宁地区地表温度持续升高和地气温差加大的主要原因。 Based on monthly average air temperature and ground temperature data from 54 meteorological stations during 1965-2014,and air temperature and ground temperature data observed manually and automatically from 45 meteorological stations in 2003 in Liaoning province,the variation characteristics of air temperature,ground tem-perature and the differences between ground and air temperatures （ GATD） in Liaoning province over the past 50 years and their causes were analyzed. Results show that the air and ground temperatures are linearly correlated each other and both demonstrate an increasing trend,while GATD varies little during 1965-2003. Since 2004,air temper-ature has slightly changed and ground temperature has continued to rise as well as GATD has increased relative to the last 10 years. However,the above-mentioned conditions most significantly occur in winter in the northeast area of Liaoning province. Manual observation has been entirely replaced by automatic one in meteorological stations of Liaoning province since 2004. Under snowfall weather,the ground temperature is respectively represented by the snow surface temperature for manual observation and with the temperature below the snow for automatic observa-tion. The difference of the ground temperature caused by different observation ways plays a dominant role for ground temperature continuously increasing during 2004-2014. Therefore,the northeast of Liaoning province with the longest duration of the snow cover becomes the region where GATD increases most significantly. Thus this suggests that the increases in ground temperature and GATD during 2004-2014 attribute mainly to the change of observation ways.

关 键 词： 气温 地表温度 地气温差 人工观测 自动观测